Dietary Buffering Requirements of the Lactating Dairy Cow: A Review

Erdman, R.A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(88)79930-0

Cited by 306 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Ruminal buffers such as sodium bicarbonate (BICARB) have traditionally been used to improve performance and rumen health of beef cattle on these diets. However, saliva production is the main source of bicarbonate in the rumen environment (Erdman, 1988). Thus, eating and ruminating activities are important components of the digestive function because they are associated with increased saliva output (Bailey and Balch, 1961;Allen, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, eating and ruminating activities are important components of the digestive function because they are associated with increased saliva output (Bailey and Balch, 1961;Allen, 1997). The amount of daily BICARB secretion through saliva is greater than that entering the rumen through dietary buffers (Erdman, 1988). However, in beef cattle fed high-concentrate diets, mastication is reduced (Sudweeks et al, 1975;Carter and Grovum, 1990) and dietary buffers could, therefore, become more important for rumen function and health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

González

Ferret

Manteca

et al. 2008

Animal

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Four Holstein heifers (264 6 12 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 3 4 Latin square design with 21-day experimental periods to determine the effect of increasing levels of sodium bicarbonate (BICARB) (0%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%, of concentrate dry matter (DM) basis) on chewing and feed intake behavior when fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrate (13.41% CP, 13.35% NDF) and barley straw were fed once a day at 0830 h ad libitum. Feed bunks placed on scales and video recording were used to measure 24-h feed intake and chewing behavior, respectively. The patterns of feeding behavior (feed intake, meal size and length) and chewing behavior (eating, ruminating and total chewing) were studied by dividing the day into 12 intervals of 2-h each, beginning at feeding (interval 1 through 12). Number of meals per day and eating rate decreased linearly with increasing buffer level, but meal length increased linearly. No treatment effects were observed in sum of daily meal lengths or average meal size. The treatment 3 interval interaction was significant on meal size, length and feed intake. The size and length of those meals occurring during the 4 h post-feeding increased linearly. However, meal size tended to decrease in the evening between 8 and 12 h, whereas feed intake decreased linearly from 6 to 10 h and from 12 to 14 h post-feeding. Buffer concentration did not affect the percentage of time spent ruminating, eating or drinking per day but the buffer level 3 interval interaction was significant. Time spent eating expressed as min per kg of DM or organic matter (OM) intake increased linearly with buffer levels. Proportion of time spent eating increased linearly during the intervals between 0 and 4 h post-feeding. Time spent ruminating decreased linearly during the 2 h post-feeding, and also in the evening from 12 to 14 h, and at night from 18 to 22 h post-feeding, but the effect was quadratic between 8 and 10 h when intermediate buffer levels showed the greatest ruminating time. Time spent drinking decreased linearly from 6 to 8 h but increased during the 2 h following feeding and from 10 to 12 h post-feeding. Daily eating rate and meal frequency decreased linearly as the buffer level increased, but average meal size and daily chewing times were not affected. However, significant time of the day 3 buffer level interactions were observed for feed intake, meal size and length and chewing behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

González

Ferret

Manteca

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…However, the A:P ratio of all cows on treatments were higher than the value of 2:1 that was suggested as a threshold for milk fat depression (Erdman, 1988). Satter and Slyter (1974) reported that the minimum ruminal NH 3 -N concentration for maximum microbial protein synthesis is 5 mg/dL.…”

Section: Ruminal Volatile Fatty Acid Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of palm kernel expeller as supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu-ryegrass pasture

Wyngaard¹,

Meeske²,

Erasmus³

2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…A inclusão de monensina sódica na ração também pode aumentar a eficiência de uso da amônia ruminal (N-NH 3 ) por possibilitar maior aporte energético para crescimento microbiano, o que proporciona melhor aproveitamento da proteína da dieta e redução das perdas na forma de amônia. Além disso, pode ocorrer menor deaminação no ambiente ruminal, em virtude da ação da monensina sobre grupos de bactérias gram-positivas e de protozoários que degradam proteína e produzem amônia aumentando a taxa de proteína não-degradável no rúmen (Russell & Strobel, 1989 (Erdman, 1988). Desse modo, o calcário calcítico tipo filler, por ser mais finamente moído, pode ter maior solubilidade no rúmen e ser efetivo em manter o pH ruminal próximo da neutralidade, melhorando o desempenho animal.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo alta proporção de concentrado adicionadas de agentes tamponantes

et al. 2010

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da adição de bicarbonato de sódio ou de fontes de calcário com diferentes granulometrias na ração, associadas ou não a monensina sódica, sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de cordeiros confinados recebendo dietas contendo alta proporção de concentrado. Quarenta e dois cordeiros Santa Inês com peso inicial de 21 ± 3 kg e 88 ± 5 dias de idade foram distribuídos em blocos completos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2 × 3, com seis tratamentos e sete repetições. Os animais foram alimentados com rações contendo 90% de concentrado, 10% de feno de "coastcross", uma fonte de calcário (calcário calcítico ou calcário calcítico tipo filler) ou bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO 3 ), com ou sem adição de monensina sódica (30 mg/kg da MS). Não foi observada influência dos agentes tamponantes no consumo de matéria seca e no ganho de peso médio diário. Entretanto, a conversão alimentar dos animais alimentados com as rações contendo monensina sódica (3,32 kg MS/kg de ganho) foi melhor que naqueles que consumiram as rações sem esse aditivo (3,58 kg MS/kg de ganho). Não houve efeito dos agentes tamponantes nos parâmetros de carcaça avaliados, observando-se valores médios de 50,4%; 2,4%; 13,9 cm 2 e 1,9 mm para o rendimento de carcaça quente, a perda por resfriamento, a área de olho-de-lombo e a espessura de gordura, respectivamente. A adição de monensina melhora a conversão alimentar e pode aumentar a rentabilidade do sistema de produção de cordeiros confinados.Palavras-chave: fontes de calcário, ionóforos, monensina sódica, pH, rúmen, terminação Performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed high grain diets with buffer compoundsABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to assess the effects of adding sodium bicarbonate or limestone sources with different particle sizes to the diet, and their interaction with sodium monensin, on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed fed high grain diets. Forty two Santa Ines lambs were used with 21 ± 3 kg initial average body weight and 88 ± 5 days old in feedlot, placed a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with six treatments and seven replications. Animals were fed diet containing 90% concentrate, 10% "coastcross" hay, with one source of limestone (limestone or "filler" limestone) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), with or without monensin (30 mg/kg DM). No influence was observed of the buffering agents on dry matter intake or average daily gain. However, the feed conversion of the animals fed diet containing sodium monensin (3.34 kg DM/kg gain) was better than those fed diets containing monensin (3.32 kg DM/kg gain) compared to diets without monensin (3.58 kg DM/kg gain). There was no effect of the buffering agents on the carcass characteristics assessed: the mean values were 50.4%, 2.42%, 13.9 cm 2 and 1.9 mm hot carcass weight, chilling losses, longissimus muscle area and fat thickness, respectively. Adding monensin to the diet improves feed conversion and m...

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Dietary Buffering Requirements of the Lactating Dairy Cow: A Review

Cited by 306 publications

References 97 publications

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

Effect of palm kernel expeller as supplementation on production performance of Jersey cows grazing kikuyu-ryegrass pasture

Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com dietas contendo alta proporção de concentrado adicionadas de agentes tamponantes

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