Abstract:Cancer cells are mainly dependent on glycolysis for their growth and survival. Dietary carbohydrates play a critical role in the growth and proliferation of cancer and a low-carbohydrate diet may help slow down the growth of tumours. However, the exact mechanisms behind this effect are unclear. This review study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in the association between dietary carbohydrates and cancer. This study was carried out using keywords such as polymorphism… Show more
“…Regarding diets containing carbohydrates, studies have shown that carbohydrates promote cell survival in cancer via the upregulation of fatty mass– and obesity-associated gene expression levels [ 25 , 26 ]. Diets containing complex carbohydrates derived from plant tissue are slowly digested by the gut microbiome, especially those existing in the distal part of the intestine.…”
Section: Human Dietmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Complex carbohydrates exert beneficial effects on body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity [ 27 ]. Studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between a higher-fiber diet intake and a reduction of risk of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and colon cancer [ 25 , 28 ].…”
The gut microbiome of humans comprises a diverse group of trillions of microorganisms including symbiotic organisms, opportunistic pathogens and commensal organisms. This microbiota plays a major role in digesting food; it also helps with absorbing and synthesizing some nutrients and releases their metabolites, which may deliver a variety of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting factors that influence human health either directly or indirectly. The balance between microbial species, especially those responsible for the fermentation of different substrates within the microbial community, which are in the majority, depends on daily diet. Therefore, an unbalanced diet may lead to the progression and development of human diseases. These include metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer and depression, as well as infant health and longevity. We provide an overview of the effect of diet on the human microbiome and assess the related risk of disease development.
“…Regarding diets containing carbohydrates, studies have shown that carbohydrates promote cell survival in cancer via the upregulation of fatty mass– and obesity-associated gene expression levels [ 25 , 26 ]. Diets containing complex carbohydrates derived from plant tissue are slowly digested by the gut microbiome, especially those existing in the distal part of the intestine.…”
Section: Human Dietmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Complex carbohydrates exert beneficial effects on body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity [ 27 ]. Studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between a higher-fiber diet intake and a reduction of risk of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and colon cancer [ 25 , 28 ].…”
The gut microbiome of humans comprises a diverse group of trillions of microorganisms including symbiotic organisms, opportunistic pathogens and commensal organisms. This microbiota plays a major role in digesting food; it also helps with absorbing and synthesizing some nutrients and releases their metabolites, which may deliver a variety of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting factors that influence human health either directly or indirectly. The balance between microbial species, especially those responsible for the fermentation of different substrates within the microbial community, which are in the majority, depends on daily diet. Therefore, an unbalanced diet may lead to the progression and development of human diseases. These include metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer and depression, as well as infant health and longevity. We provide an overview of the effect of diet on the human microbiome and assess the related risk of disease development.
“…The addition of NFRFP in the diet reduced the amount of chow carbohydrates by 7.7%. This characteristic is desirable since evidence showed that diets rich in carbohydrates are responsible for the development of chronic diseases, such as obesity [ 45 , 46 ] and cancer [ 47 , 48 ]. Furthermore, NFRFP increased chow total dietary fiber by 20.94%, a desired characteristic since dietary fibers may be associated with decreased incidence of colorectal cancer.…”
Background: Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent disease, requiring effective strategies for prevention and treatment. The present research aimed to formulate a natural fiber-rich food product (NFRFP) and to evaluate its safety, toxicogenetics, and effects on aberrant crypt foci induced by 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine in a preclinical model. Methods: A total of 78 male Wistar rats were distributed in six experimental groups: negative control, positive control (1,2-Dimethylhydrazine—40 mg/Kg), and four groups fed with 10% NFRFP: NFRFP, pre-treatment protocol, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment protocol. Results: The NFRFP was shown to be a good source of fibers and did not change biometric, biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory parameters, and did not induce signs of toxicity and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. NFRFP exhibited a chemopreventive effect, in all protocols, with damage reduction (% DR) of 75% in the comet test. NFRFP reduced the incidence of aberrant crypt outbreaks by 49.36% in the post-treatment protocol. Conclusions: The results suggest the applicability of NFRFP in the human diet due to potential production at an industrial scale and easy technological application in different products, since it could be incorporated in food without altering or causing small changes in final product sensory characteristics.
“… 43 For instance, the expression of FTO was dramatically dysregulated in cancers and took a great part in the growth of cancer cells through modulating cellular metabolic pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B ( PI3K/AKT ) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) signaling pathways. 23 Next, we would further explore the detailed molecular mechanisms of FTO in the occurrence and progression of cancers. The expression, clinical significance and biological functions of FTO in various cancers are shown in Table 2 .…”
Section: The Biological Functions and The Underlying Mechanisms Of Ftmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 19 In detail, FTO had been found to modify multiple RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) 20 and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). 21 It was also significantly related with multiple biological functions of cancers, including cell cycle, 11 tumor growth, 12 proliferation, 22 survival, 23 migration, 24 invasion, 25 stem cell maintenance 26 and self-renewal. 27 Figure 1 FTO , belonged to demethylase, termed as “erasers” and functioned to reverse the methylation.…”
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase
fat mass and obesity-associated gene
(
FTO
), previously recognized to be related with obesity and diabetes, was gradually discovered to be dysregulated in multiple cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role. However, the specific expression and pro- or anti-cancer role of
FTO
in various cancers remained controversial. In this review, through summarizing the available literature, we found that
FTO
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were closely related with cancer risk. Additionally, the dysregulation of
FTO
was implicated in multiple biological processes, such as cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, cell-cycle, differentiation, stem cell self-renewal and so on. These modulations mostly relied on the communications between
FTO
and specific signaling pathways, including
PI3K/AKT
,
MAPK
and
mTOR
signaling pathways. Furthermore,
FTO
had great potential for clinical application by serving as a prognostic biomarker.
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