Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss

Hyde, Parker N.; Sapper, Teryn N.; Crabtree, Christopher D.; LaFountain, Richard A.; Bowling, Madison L.; Buga, Alex; Fell, Brandon; McSwiney, Fionn T; Dickerson, Ryan; Miller, Vincent; Scandling, Debbie; Simonetti, Orlando P.; Phinney, Stephen D.; Kraemer, William J.; King, Sarah; Krauss, Ronald M.; Volek, Jeff S.

doi:10.1172/jci.insight.128308

Cited by 169 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Studies have shown that BA regulates serum biochemical indicators in HFD fed mice [35,36]. The high-fat diet significantly increased the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in HFD group compared with those observed in the C group (Fig.…”

Section: Serum Analysis and Liver Injurymentioning

confidence: 89%

Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice

et al. 2020

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Background: Obesity is a major problem worldwide and severely affects public safety. As a metabolite of gut microbiota, endogenous butyric acid participates in energy and material metabolism. Considering the serious side effects and weight regain associated with existing weight loss interventions, novel strategies are urgently needed for prevention and treatment of obesity. Results: In the present study, we engineered Bacillus subtilis SCK6 to exhibited enhanced butyric acid production. Compared to the original Bacillus subtilis SCK6 strain, the genetically modified BsS-RS06550 strain had higher butyric acid production. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: a normal diet (C) group, a high-fat diet (HFD) group, an HFD + Bacillus subtilis SCK6 (HS) group and an HFD + BsS-RS06550 (HE) group. The results showed BsS-RS06550 decreased the body weight, body weight gain, and food intake of HFD mice. BsS-RS06550 had beneficial effects on blood glucose, insulin resistance and hepatic biochemistry. After the 14-week of experiment, fecal samples were collected for nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify and quantify significant changes in metabolites. Sixteen potentially significant metabolites were screened, and BsS-RS06550 was shown to potentially regulate disorders in glutathione, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and purine metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusions: In this study, we successfully engineered Bacillus subtilis SCK6 to have enhanced butyric acid production. The results of this work revealed that the genetically modified live bacterium BsS-RS06550 showed potential antiobesity effects, which may have been related to regulating the levels of metabolites associated with obesity. These results indicate that the use of BsS-RS06550 may be a promising strategy to attenuate obesity.

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Section: Serum Analysis and Liver Injurymentioning

confidence: 89%

Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, reports of reductions in blood pressure and antihypertensive medication usage in observational studies and non-randomized trials are encouraging [75,76], but need to be assessed in prospective controlled trials. Conversely, there is good trial evidence that in patients with metabolic syndrome, adopting a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet is superior to other dietary strategies at improving lipid profiles [27,77].…”

Section: Clinical Effects Of Nutritional Ketosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Carbohydrate Diets in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review from Clinicians Using the Approach in Practice

Kelly

Unwin²,

Finucane

2020

IJERPH

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Low-carbohydrate diets are increasingly used to help patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We sought to provide an overview of the evidence for this treatment approach, considering the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes in terms of carbohydrate excess. We describe the mechanistic basis for the clinical benefits associated with nutritional ketosis and identify areas of practice where the evidence base could be improved. We summarize the key principles which inform our approach to treating patients with low-carbohydrate diets. The scientific controversy relating to these diets is real but is consistent with the known challenges of any dietary interventions and also the limitations of nutritional epidemiology. Secondly, notwithstanding any controversy, international guidelines now recognize the validity and endorse the use of these diets as a therapeutic nutritional approach, in appropriate patients. Thirdly, we have found that early de-prescription of diabetes medications is essential, in particular insulin, sulphonylureas, and sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors. Fourthly, we encourage patients to eat ad libitum to satiety, rather than calorie counting per se. Furthermore, we monitor cardiovascular risk factors frequently, as with all patients with obesity or diabetes, but we do not necessarily consider an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol as an absolute indication to stop these diets, as this is usually related to large LDL particles, which are not associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the absence of large randomized controlled trials with cardiovascular and other hard endpoints, adopting a low-carbohydrate diet is a legitimate and potentially effective treatment option for patients with diabetes or obesity.

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“…Carbohydrate intake stimulates insulin secretion, promoting fat storage and strongly inhibiting adipose tissue lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. In this way, low-carbohydrate diets seem to ameliorate insulin resistance and MetS [52]. Our results showed, however, that higher levels of carbohydrate intake in participants led to the lowest levels of MetSSS risk, but it is important to highlight that the kind of carbohydrate is of considerable importance, where fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains are appropriate sources of carbohydrates with cardioprotective components.…”

Section: Dietary Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study

Gallardo-Alfaro¹,

Bibiloni²,

Mascaró³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to report main lifestyle components and related factors according to the MetS severity. Cross-sectional analysis was done of baseline lifestyle factors from 5739 participants with overweight/obesity and MetS features (aged 55-75 years) included in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Participants were categorized in tertiles according to a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, as well as a Dietary Inflammatory Index and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were measured. Diet quality was assessed using a 17-item energy-restricted MD questionnaire. Duration and intensity of PA was self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sedentary behaviours were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. The 30 s chair stand test was also assessed. Participants with highest MetSSS showed higher values of cardiovascular risk factors (except for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), depression risk, sedentary and TV viewing time, and lower moderate and vigorous Nutrients 2020, 12, 1013 3 of 20 leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Highest MetSSS participants tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and tended to lower MD adherence. In addition, they showed lower carbohydrate and nut intake and higher intake of protein, saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, iodine, sodium, red and processed meat products, other oils different from olive oil and spirit alcoholic drinks. The highest MetS severity score was associated with lower moderate and vigorous LTPA and higher sedentary time and depression risk, as they tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and lower MD adherence.

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Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss

Cited by 169 publications

References 53 publications

Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice

Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice

Low-Carbohydrate Diets in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review from Clinicians Using the Approach in Practice

Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study

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