Dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios modulate juvenile hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus ): Effects on growth, serum biochemistry, intestinal digestion and hepatic metabolism of glucose and lipid

Abstract

The hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) is a carnivorous species that has been widely cultured in China. It has many heteroses, such as fast growth rate, delicious taste, rich nu-

Metabolic responses of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus ) induced by different feeding modes: Effects on growth, serum biochemical indices, intestinal digestion and hepatic metabolism of glucose and lipid

“…The experimental groupers were divided into three feeding mode groups as follows: continuous feeding group (8 weeks, C group), prolonged starvation group (8 weeks, S group) and refeeding after starvation group (starving for 4 weeks + refeeding for 4 weeks, R Group). As the shared control group specifically, the C group is consistent with M group in article reported by Chen et al (2021).…”

“… As the shared control group specifically, the trial diet formulation in this study is consistent with diet M in article reported by Chen et al (2021). …”

“…The formulation and proximate composition of trial diet were shown in Table 1. As the shared control group specifically, the trial diet formulation in this study is consistent with diet M in article reported by Chen et al (2021).…”

Effects of Carbohydrase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzymes and Flora, Glucose Metabolism Enzymes, and glut2 Gene Expression of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) Fed Different CHO/L Ratio Diets

“…Our results showed that fish fed CHO:L ratio of 1.92 achieved the best growth performance compared to fish fed CHO:L ratios of 0.91 and 3.91. Previous studies on groupers [ 18 , 29 ] have also shown that the best growth was achieved at medium CHO:L ratio, which was similar to our results. A significant increase in WG and SGR and a significant decrease in FCR were observed with carbohydrase supplementation at a CHO:L ratio of 3.91, indicating that carbohydrase act as a growth promoter.…”

“…In order to maximize profits, diets are often formulated to contain high levels of CHO:L ratio to reduce feed costs. Although the optimal glycolipid ratio requirements at the juvenile stage of grouper have been studied [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], there is little research on the addition of carbohydrase based on different glycolipid ratios. With this in mind, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of carbohydrase supplementation on growth performance, carbohydrate metabolic enzyme and glut2 gene expression in the Hybrid Grouper-fed diets with different CHO:L ratios.…”