Dietary choline requirement of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Abstract

An eight‐week study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary choline level in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Seven diets were prepared to contain 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 mg/kg diet. Juveniles (5.9 ± 0.03 g; 5.5 ± 0.4 cm; mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 21 tanks (25 fish/tank) and fed one of the diets in triplicates. Survival rate of fish fed the diet containing the lowest choline level was significantly lower than those of fish fed the other diets (p < 0.05). Final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio significantly increased with increasing choline levels up to 1,000 mg/kg diet. Whole‐body protein and lipid contents increased in accordance with choline levels up to 750 mg/kg diet, beyond which they plateaued. Liver and muscle lipid contents elevated with increasing choline levels up to 2,000 mg/kg diet. Plasma cholesterol esters, triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids were significantly influenced by the graded choline levels; however, responses of those indices were not identical. Broken‐line analyses of weight gain and liver choline concentrations responding to the graded choline levels revealed that choline requirements of the juvenile flounder could be between 847 and 1,047 mg/kg diet.

Dietary choline improves growth performance, antioxidant ability and reduces lipid metabolites in practical diet for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…Two‐slope broken‐line regression and quadratic regression analysis between PWG against dietary choline levels indicated that the optimal choline requirements for maximum growth were estimated to be 3,254.1 and 6,488.3 mg/kg diet for L. vannamei , respectively. Some previous studies have demonstrated that two‐slope broken‐line model underestimates requirements, so quadratic model, broken quadratic model and saturation kinetic model may reflect the real requirements (NRC, 2011) This requirement value evaluated from the quadratic regression analysis was much higher than the study reported previously in fish such as hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus (1,000 mg/kg diet, Shiau & Lo, 2000), R. canadum (695.9 mg/kg diet, Mai et al., 2009), M. amblycephala (1,198 mg/kg diet, Jiang et al., 2013), A. baerii (1,500 mg/kg diet, Yazdani Sadati et al., 2014) and olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (847 mg/kg diet, Won, Lee, Hamidoghli, Lee, & Bai, 2019). However, similar to the results observed in P. monodon (6,200 mg/kg diet, Shiau & Lo, 2001; 6,400 mg/kg diet, Shiau & Cho, 2002).…”

Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

“…Choline supplementation also prevented signs of lipid malabsorption syndrome in post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) but had little effect on liver lipid metabolism (44) . In contrast, increasing dietary choline promoted higher liver lipid deposition and better growth in juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) (45) , olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (4) , Japanese yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) (23) .…”

Dietary Choline-Enhanced Skin Immune Response of Juvenile Grass Carp Might Be Related to the STAT3 and NF-kB Signaling Pathway (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…We speculate that cholesterol may be involved. Won et al ( 51 ) found that plasma cholesterol was significantly influenced by the graded choline levels in juvenile olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) ( 51 ). Optimal cholesterol inhibited both canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB pathways in grass carp kidney and spleen ( 6 ), which might support our hypothesis and needs further investigation.…”