Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in brain and liver of neonatal pigs

Lin, Xi; Bo, Jenny; Oliver, Susan A. Mathews; Corl, Benjamin A.; Jacobi, Sheila K.; Oliver, W. T.; Harrell, R. J.; Odle, Jack

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.09.002

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, CLA concentration was lowest in the spleen and brain lipids and highest in adipose tissue. Our results showing the lack of a significant increase in CLA concentration of brain lipids are consistent with other short term studies with CLA in rodent models [14,15,[20][21][22]. These findings suggest that the lack of increase in brain CLA in those short time studies was not because of the short duration but other factors, such as limited uptake or increased β oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, incorporation of CLA into neural (brain and eye) tissue lipids, its effects on fatty acid composition and potential adverse effects and their prevention by n3 PUFA have not been documented. CLA incorporation into brain lipids ranged from non-detectable to trace amounts [14,15], while its incorporation into eye lipids has not been studied. None of the published reports examined whether DHA or EPA can reverse any CLA-induced changes in brain and eye fatty acid concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Did not Alter trans‐10,cis‐12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Incorporation into Mice Brain and Eye Lipids

Vemuri

Adkins

Mackey

et al. 2017

Lipids

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trans 10,cis 12-CLA has been reported to alter fatty acid composition in several non-neurological tissues, but its effects are less known in neurological tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if CLA supplementation would alter brain and eye fatty acid composition and if those changes could be prevented by concomitant supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3). Eight-week-old, pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (n = 6/group) were fed either the control diet or diets containing 0.5% (w/w) t10,c12-CLA in the presence or absence of either 1.5% DHA or 1.5% EPA for 8 weeks. CLA concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the eye but not in the brain lipids of the CLA group when compared with the control group. The sums of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n3:n6 ratio did not differ between these two groups for both tissues. The n3:n6 ratio and concentrations of 20:5n3 and 22:5n3 were significantly greater, and those of 20:4n6, 22:4n6, and 22:5n6 were lesser in the CLA + DHA and CLA + EPA groups than in the control and CLA groups for either tissue. DHA concentration was higher in the CLA + DHA group only but not in the CLA + EPA group when compared with the CLA group for both tissues. The dietary fatty acids generally induced similar changes in brain and eye fatty acid concentration and at the concentrations used both DHA and EPA fed individually with CLA were more potent than CLA alone in altering the tissue fatty acid concentration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Did not Alter trans‐10,cis‐12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Incorporation into Mice Brain and Eye Lipids

Vemuri

Adkins

Mackey

et al. 2017

Lipids

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“…Ng & Innis (249) Diet containing 4 % fish oil or 4 % high-oleic acid sunflower-seed oil 7-week-old piglets 8 weeks Higher proportion of DHA in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes but not in the temporal lobe with fish oilless DHA in temporal than in other lobes Lin et al (433) Control v. high-fat diet 19-week-old Ossabaw minipigs 19-to 37-week-old with two phases…”

Section: Nutrition Research Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review evaluating the pig as a model for human nutritional physiology

et al. 2016

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The present review examines the pig as a model for physiological studies in human subjects related to nutrient sensing, appetite regulation, gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and nutritional neuroscience. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms regarding acids (sour), carbohydrates (sweet), glutamic acid (umami) and fatty acids are conserved between humans and pigs. In contrast, pigs show limited perception of high-intensity sweeteners and NaCl and sense a wider array of amino acids than humans. Differences on bitter taste may reflect the adaptation to ecosystems. In relation to appetite regulation, plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide-1 are similar in pigs and humans, while peptide YY in pigs is ten to twenty times higher and ghrelin two to five times lower than in humans. Pigs are an excellent model for human studies for vagal nerve function related to the hormonal regulation of food intake. Similarly, the study of gut barrier functions reveals conserved defence mechanisms between the two species particularly in functional permeability. However, human data are scant for some of the defence systems and nutritional programming. The pig model has been valuable for studying the changes in human microbiota following nutritional interventions. In particular, the use of human flora-associated pigs is a useful model for infants, but the long-term stability of the implanted human microbiota in pigs remains to be investigated. The similarity of the pig and human brain anatomy and development is paradigmatic. Brain explorations and therapies described in pig, when compared with available human data, highlight their value in nutritional neuroscience, particularly regarding functional neuroimaging techniques.

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“…Fatty acid methyl esters were separated on a DB-23 capillary column (122-2332), 30 m × 0.25 mm, fi lm thickness 0.25 m (Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE) ( 21 ). Mass mice ( 5 ) and some humans ( 7,8 ).…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity and increases markers of browning and inflammation in white adipose tissue of mice

Shen

Chuang

Martinez

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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mixtures of cis -9, trans -11 (9,11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans -10, cis -12 (10,12) CLA. Indeed, consuming a mixture of these CLA isomers, or 10,12 CLA alone, reduced body fat in many animal (reviewed in Ref. 3 ) and human studies ( 4 ). Rodents that consumed higher amounts of the CLA than humans (e.g., 0.5-1.5% CLA in the diet or 600-1,800 mg/kg body weight) lost body fat more rapidly but concurrently developed side effects, including chronic infl ammation, insulin resistance, and lipoatrophy ( 5 ). Notably, intermediate levels of mixed CLA isomers (i.e., 0.1-0.3%, w/w) reduced adiposity in mice without adversely affecting liver weight or lipid content ( 6 ). However, individual isomers were not fed, the level of reduction in adiposity in the 0.1% group was marginal, and anti-obesity mechanisms were not identifi ed ( 6 ). In contrast, clinical trials routinely use lower doses of CLA (e.g., 3-6 g/day or 35-70 mg/kg body weight), although the relative decrease in adiposity is not as rapid or great as in the higher doses used in rodent studies.It has been reported that only the 10,12 CLA isomer reduces adiposity or delipidates adipocytes; however, at relatively high doses it also causes adverse side effects in Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism by which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat. Young male mice were fed three combinations of fatty acids at three doses (0.06%, 0.2%, and 0.6%, w/w) incorporated into AIN76 diets for 7 weeks. The types of fatty acids were linoleic acid (control), an equal mixture of trans -10, cis -12 (10,12) CLA plus linoleic acid, and an equal isomer mixture of 10,12 plus cis -9, trans -11 (9,11) CLA. Mice receiving the 0.2% and 0.6% dose of 10,12 CLA plus linoleic acid or the CLA isomer mixture had decreased white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and increased incorporation of CLA isomers in epididymal WAT and liver. Notably, in mice receiving 0.2% of both CLA treatments, the mRNA levels of genes associated with browning, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), UCP1 protein levels, and cytochrome c oxidase activity, were increased in epididymal WAT. CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of markers of infl ammation. Muscle cytochrome c oxidase activity and BAT UCP1 protein levels were not affected by CLA treatment. These data suggest a linkage between decreased adiposity, browning in WAT, and low-grade infl ammation due to consumption of 10,12 CLA.

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Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in brain and liver of neonatal pigs

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Did not Alter trans‐10,cis‐12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Incorporation into Mice Brain and Eye Lipids

Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Did not Alter trans‐10,cis‐12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Incorporation into Mice Brain and Eye Lipids

Critical review evaluating the pig as a model for human nutritional physiology

Conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity and increases markers of browning and inflammation in white adipose tissue of mice

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