Dietary decontaminated fish oil has no negative impact on fish performance, flesh quality or production-related diseases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Lock, Erik-Jan; Fjelldal, Per Gunnar; Torstensen, Bente E.; Bjørnevik, Marit; Breck, Olav; Johansen, Johan; Reynolds, Patric; Sigholt, Trygve; Joerum, N.; Jakobsen, Jan Vidar; Ruohonen, Kari; Waagbø, Rune; Berntssen, Marc H.G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00843.x

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Panthotenic acid defi cit caused grievous fi n erosions with blue tilapia (Tilapia aurea) (Roem et al, 1991). Fish oil in diet has no infl uence on fi n condition improvement (Lock et al, 2011). Krill meal improves dorsal fi n condition of rainbow trout, length of the fi n was similar to length at natural populations.…”

Section: Feeding Management and Diet Compositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fin condition of fish kept in aquacultural systems

Klíma¹,

Kopp²,

Hadašová³

et al. 2013

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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Section: Feeding Management and Diet Compositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Fin condition of fish kept in aquacultural systems

Klíma¹,

Kopp²,

Hadašová³

et al. 2013

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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“…Exposure to feed containing 1.5 ng PCDD/F‐WHO 2005 ‐TEQ/kg feed and 2.7 ng sum of PCDD/F+DL‐PCB‐WHO 2005 ‐TEQ/kg diet for 18 months had no effect on growth, feed conversion or production‐related diseases (fin/skin erosion, bone deformity, cataract) compared to Atlantic salmon fed a diet containing 0.3 ng PCDD/F‐WHO 1998 ‐TEQ/kg feed and 0.5 ng sum PCDD/F+DL‐PCB‐WHO 2005 ‐TEQ/kg diet for 18 months (Berntssen et al., ; Lock et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

143

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The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL‐PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre‐ and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005‐TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F‐TEQs. No association was observed when including DL‐PCB‐TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F‐TEQ only was on average 2.4‐ and 2.7‐fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL‐PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.

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“…Several factors have been shown to induce vertebral deformities in Atlantic salmon postsmolts: sub‐optimal dietary phosphorus supply (Fjelldal et al., 2009a), elevated water temperature (Grini et al., 2011), diets with a high inclusion levels of marine feed resources and/or fast growth (Fjelldal et al., 2010), diets with fish oil contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (Lock et al., 2011), intra‐muscular injection with Freunds adjuvant (Gil‐Martens et al., 2012), and sustained swimming combined with low appetite during sub‐mergence of sea‐cages (Korsøen et al., 2009). At the same time, Atlantic salmon postsmolts with good appetite and high swimming speed show an increase in the mechanical strength and mineral content of vertebrae (Totland et al., 2011).…”

Section: When and Why Do Vertebral Deformities Develop?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) - etiology and pathology

Fjelldal

Hansen

Breck³

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

Self Cite

106

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Summary The present review sums up and discusses the current literature on occurrence, causation and pathology of vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon, and also gives a brief introduction into the normal ontogeny and anatomy of the vertebral column of Atlantic salmon. Skeletal development and growth are sensitive processes that can be affected by many factors. Many of these factors can be manipulated under farming conditions, and are thus regarded as risk factors. Several risk factors that relate to environmental conditions and to feed composition have been identified. Elevated temperatures and photoperiod manipulation to speed up growth are likely the most important environmental factors that cause skeletal deformities. Among the nutritional factors, optimal phosphorus nutrition during specific periods, for example after transfer to sea water, appears to be critical for development of deformity at later stages. More research is needed to understand the interdependency of genetics, development, aging, phosphorus nutrition, temperature and photoperiod, in order to establish the best practice procedures for salmon farming that improve fish welfare.

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Dietary decontaminated fish oil has no negative impact on fish performance, flesh quality or production-related diseases in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Fin condition of fish kept in aquacultural systems

Fin condition of fish kept in aquacultural systems

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in feed and food

Vertebral deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) - etiology and pathology

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