Dietary deficiencies of single amino acids: Whole-body amino acid composition of adult rats

Wei, Hen-Wei; Fuller, M. F.

doi:10.1080/17450390600562551

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported in growing pigs using diets differing in protein (Campbell et al, 1988;Bikker et al, 1994) or amino acid contents (Batterham et al, 1990;Chung and Baker, 1992b;Gahl et al, 1996). On the other hand, Wei and Fuller (2006) found no effect of a chronic amino acid deficiency on the amino acid composition in mature rats and argued that part of the observed responses may be due to differences in growth rate and body composition, rather than to the amino acid efficiency per se. However, irrespective of the mode of action of an amino acid deficiency, it questions the commonly used assumption that the amino acid composition of whole body protein is constant.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Conde-Aguilera

Barea

Floc'H

et al. 2010

Animal

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Experiments carried out to determine the amino acid requirement in growing animals are often based on the premise that the amino acid composition of body protein is constant. However, there are indications that this assumption may not be correct. The objective of this study was to test the effect of feeding piglets a diet deficient or not in total sulfur amino acids (TSAA; Met 1 Cys) on nitrogen retention and amino acid composition of proteins in different body compartments. Six blocks of three pigs each were used in a combined comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance study. One piglet in each block was slaughtered at 42 days of age, whereas the other piglets received a diet deficient or not in TSAA for 19 days and were slaughtered thereafter. Two diets were formulated to provide either 0.20% Met and 0.45% TSAA (on a standardized ileal digestible basis) or 0.46% Met and 0.70% TSAA. Diets were offered approximately 25% below ad libitum intake. At slaughter, the whole animal was divided into carcass, blood, intestines, liver, and the combined head, tail, feet and other organs (HFTO), which were analyzed for nitrogen and amino acid contents. Samples of the longissimus muscle (LM) were analyzed for myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and actin contents. Nitrogen retention was 20% lower in piglets receiving the TSAA-deficient diet (P , 0.01). In these piglets, the nitrogen content in tissue gain was lower in the empty body, carcass, LM and blood (P , 0.05) or tended to be lower in HFTO (P , 0.10), but was not different in the intestines and liver. The Met content in retained protein was lower in the empty body, LM and blood (P , 0.05), and tended to be lower in the carcass (P , 0.10). The Cys content was lower in LM, but higher in blood of piglets receiving the TSAA-deficient diet (P , 0.05). Skeletal muscle appeared to be affected most by the TSAA deficiency. In LM, the Met content in retained protein was reduced by 12% and total Met retention by more than 60%. The MyHC and actin contents in LM were not affected by the TSAA content of the diet. These results show that a deficient TSAA supply affects the amino acid composition of different body proteins. This questions the use of a constant ideal amino acid profile to express dietary amino acid requirements, but also illustrates the plasticity of the animal to cope with nutritional challenges.

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supporting

confidence: 74%

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Conde-Aguilera

Barea

Floc'H

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…In the current study, the β-aminosulfonic acid Tau was also determined to occur in varying concentrations in all individuals. The AA concentrations reported in the rats in this study were in a similar range as those in previous publications using purpose-bred rats (Williams et al, 1954;Wei and Fuller, 2006). It should be noted that Tau concentrations were not reported in either of the previous studies, and in 1 report (Wei and Fuller, 2006), only values for Ile, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, Tyr, and Val were reported.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The AA concentrations reported in the rats in this study were in a similar range as those in previous publications using purpose-bred rats (Williams et al, 1954;Wei and Fuller, 2006). It should be noted that Tau concentrations were not reported in either of the previous studies, and in 1 report (Wei and Fuller, 2006), only values for Ile, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, Tyr, and Val were reported. However, both of the previous investigators removed intestinal digesta before analysis (Williams et al, 1954; AA Mice (n = 7) Voles (n = 4) N. rat (n = 2) R. rat (n = 2) Moles (n = 2) Gophers (n = 3) Finches (n = 3) Warbler (n = 1) Average Fuller, 2006).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It should be noted that Tau concentrations were not reported in either of the previous studies, and in 1 report (Wei and Fuller, 2006), only values for Ile, His, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, Tyr, and Val were reported. However, both of the previous investigators removed intestinal digesta before analysis (Williams et al, 1954; AA Mice (n = 7) Voles (n = 4) N. rat (n = 2) R. rat (n = 2) Moles (n = 2) Gophers (n = 3) Finches (n = 3) Warbler (n = 1) Average Fuller, 2006). In the current study, gastrointestinal contents were not removed, and this may have affected total body AA concentrations, as gut microbial activity has been shown to continue after death in the pig (Cummings et al, 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Body composition and amino acid concentrations of select birds and mammals consumed by cats in northern and central California

Kremen

Calvert

Larsen

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

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The diet of the feral domestic cat consists of primarily birds and small mammals, but the nutritional composition is relatively unknown. Because of the increasing popularity of natural diets for cats and other wild captive carnivores, the purpose of this study was to describe the body composition and AA concentrations of select birds and small mammals in northern and central California: wild-caught mice (n = 7), Norway rats (n = 2), roof rats (n = 2), voles (n = 4), moles (n = 2), gophers (n = 3), and birds (n = 4). Body water, crude fat (CFa), CP, ash, and AA composition for each specimen were determined. Results are reported as mean ± SD. All results are reported on a DM basis except body water (as-is basis) and AA (g/16 g N). Combined, carcasses had this mean composition: 67.35 ± 3.19% water, 11.72 ± 6.17% CFa, 62.19 ± 7.28% CP, and 14.83 ± 2.66% ash. Concentrations of Arg, Tau, Cys, and Met were 5.63 ± 0.46, 0.92 ± 0.33, 1.91 ± 0.89, and 1.82 ± 0.19 g/16 g N, respectively. Using NRC physiologic fuel values for CP, CFa, and carbohydrate by difference, the combined average energy content of the carcasses was 3,929 kcal/kg DM, but the fiber content was not determined. With the exception of mice and rats, little historical data exist regarding the body and AA composition of many of the species analyzed in this study. Wild-caught mice and rats were composed of less fat but more ash compared with previously reported data in their purpose-bred counterparts. The CP content of mice in this study was similar to previous reports in purpose-bred mice. The CP content of rats was similar or slightly greater compared with historical findings in purpose-bred rats. The N content of rats and AA concentrations on a per-N basis for both rats and mice were similar to previously published data on purpose-bred rodents. The discrepancies in nutrient composition, especially fat concentration, indicate that using purpose-bred animals to represent the diet of the feral domestic cat may not be valid in many instances. When consumed to meet energy needs, the nutrient content of the species reported in the present study exceed the NRC (2006) recommended allowances (RA) for total fat, CP, and essential AA for felines at all life stages.

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“…Herein, the levels of total FAA or total FAA/total AA reflected the accumulated total quantity of AA which retained in all body components (Mahan and Shields Jr). Wei and Fuller (2006) also proposed that changes in relative tissue mass in combination with differences in AA composition among tissues contributed to changes of the AA composition of whole body protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of growth performance, chemical composition, and functional amino acids composition of hybrid wild boars under different crossing systems

BinXing

Guo

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the growth performance, chemical composition, and functional amino acids (FAA) composition of two crossing systems between wild boars and different domesticated pig breeds. Forty castrated male pigs at 60 days of age from 3 breeds including Wild boar (W), Bamei (B) and Yorkshire (Y) and their crossing systems Wild boar × Bamei (W × B) and Wild boar × Yorkshire (W × Y) were assigned into five groups, respectively. After 100 days of feeding, the growth performance, chemical composition and amino acids (AA) in longissimus muscle were analysed. The ADG (P < .01) in W was lower than other breeds (B and Y) and their crossing systems (W × B and W × Y) (P < .01). The content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was decreased (P < .01) in W when compared with other breeds (B and Y) and their crossing systems (W × B and W × Y) (P < .01). In terms of the levels of FAA, leucine in W was lower than those of the other breeds (B and Y) or their crossing systems (W × B and W × Y) (P < .01), whereas the levels of proline, cysteine, glutamate, total FAA, total AA, and total FAA/total AA was the highest in the Wild boar (P < .01). Herein, cross breeding with domesticated pigs was shown to be an effective method to improve the growth performance of wild boars, and the extent of improvement was breed dependent. Compared with domesticated pigs and cross-bred pigs, wild boars showed lower growth rate, but lower IMF and better FAA composition in longissimus muscle.

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Dietary deficiencies of single amino acids: Whole-body amino acid composition of adult rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets

Body composition and amino acid concentrations of select birds and mammals consumed by cats in northern and central California

Comparison of growth performance, chemical composition, and functional amino acids composition of hybrid wild boars under different crossing systems

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