Dietary differences between metabolically healthy overweight-obese and metabolically unhealthy overweight-obese adults

Abstract

The aim of the study is to determine the differences in dietary parameters (energy and nutrient intake, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of food groups) in metabolically healthy overweight-obese (MHOO) v. metabolically unhealthy overweight-obese (MUOO) middle-aged adults. A total of fifty-one middle-aged adults were classified as MHOO or MUOO. BMI and blood pressure were evaluated following the recommendations. HDL, TAG and blood glycaemia were measured in blood samples. Blood pressure was also assessed. Dietary factors were assessed through three 24-h recalls, a validated FFQ and the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) questionnaire. All variables were evaluated between September and October 2016 and 2017. Our results showed that MHOO individuals registered a higher fish consumption (P = 0·035) and higher compliance (lower consumption) in the commercial sweets and confectionery item of the PREDIMED questionnaire (P = 0·036). No differences were noted in other dietary factors including energy and nutrient intake, consumption of other food groups and in the PREDIMED total score. A near-significant trend toward significance was observed in nuts consumption, wine and fish items of the PREDIMED questionnaire. In conclusion, higher fish consumption and a higher compliance in the commercial sweets and confectionery item of the PREDIMED questionnaire were observed in MHOO middle-aged adults.

Association between methyl donor nutrients and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents

“…Previous studies have shown inverse associations between healthy dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) and metabolic healthy/unhealthy status 9 , 10 . In these healthy patterns, the emphasis is on high consumption of plant foods and low intake of red meats 9 , 10 , which might be independently related to metabolic disturbances 11 – 13 . Furthermore, it has been shown that MHO individuals have higher consumption of micronutrients such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and vitamins B group 10 , 14 , 15 .…”