Dietary effect of Lippia citrodora essential oil on some hematological, biochemical, growth performance and body composition of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of lemon bee brush essential oil on growth performance, carcass composition, and hematology and biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp with an average weight of 8 ± 0.2 g were fed for one month with a diet supplemented with Lemon beebrush essential oil (0.15 and 0.3 ml) and with normal diet as controls.

Plant‐based feed additives in Cyprinus carpio aquaculture

“…For instance, Lippia citriodora essential oil (lemon bee brush) retarded the growth (−50% to −20% relative change to control) as well as the RBC (−31.7% to −20% relative change to control) and WBC (−26.6% to −18.6% relative change to control) of carp regardless of the % inclusion level (Table 2 and Figure 5). 30 Geranial, neral and limonene are the main constituents (66.3%–69%) of L. citriodora 79 . Limonene, for example, is phytotoxic 80 and has caused nephrotoxicity in male rats, 81,82 thus, could cause detrimental effects in C. carpio .…”

“…Plant-based feed additives (PFAs), such as essential oils, 21,22 plant extracts, 23,24 medicinal plants, [25][26][27] and spices, 28 have been widely used in C. carpio aquaculture research to improve feed and nutrient utilization, leading to enhanced growth and improved immunity against pathogens. However, some PFAs have been found to reduce carp growth [29][30][31] or have no impact on the fish health. 32 Thus, these results in isolation create uncertainty about whether PFAs, in general, improve the growth and health of carps and are unable to point out factors influencing the efficiency of PFAs in carps.…”