Dietary Effects of Bitter Gourd Oil on Blood and Liver Lipids of Rats

Noguchi, Ryoko; Yasui, Yumiko; Suzuki, Rikako; Hosokawa, Masashi; Fukunaga, Kohji; Miyashita, Kazuo

doi:10.1006/abbi.2001.2624

Cited by 51 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These findings are in accordance with other reports. 51,52) This may indicate that a part of c9,t11,c13-18:3 in the PGO diets was enzymatically converted to c9,t11-18:2. Therefore, the suppressing effect of PGO on colon carcinogenesis in the current study may be attributed to the c9,t11-18:2 isomer derived from c9,t11,c13-18:3 in the PGO diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

et al. 2004

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Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PGO) contains more than 70% cis(c)9,trans(t)11,c13-18:3 as conjugated linolenic acids (CLN). Our previous short-term experiment demonstrated that seed oil from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) (BMO), which is rich in c9,t11,t13-CLN, inhibited the occurrence of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) induced by azoxymethane (AOM). In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary PGO on the development of AOM-induced colonic malignancies and compared it with that of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). To induce colonic tumors, 6-week old male F344 rats were given subcutaneous injections of AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks. One week before the AOM treatment they were started on diet containing 0.01%, 0.1%, or 1% PGO or 1% CLA for 32 weeks. Upon termination of the bioassay (32 weeks) colon tumors were evaluated histopathologically. AOM exposure produced colonic adenocarcinoma with an incidence of 81% and multiplicity of 1.88 ± ± ± ±1.54 at week 32. Administration of PGO in the diet significantly inhibited the incidence (AOM + + + +0.01% PGO, 44%, P < < < <0.05; AOM + + + +0.1% PGO, 38%, P < < < <0.01; AOM + + + +1% PGO, 56%) and the multiplicity (AOM + + + +0.01% PGO, 0.56 ± ± ± ±0.73, P < < < <0.01; AOM + + + +0.1% PGO, 0.50 ± ± ± ±0.73, P < < < <0.005; AOM + + + +1% PGO, 0.88 ± ± ± ±0.96, P < < < <0.05) of colonic adenocarcinomas, although a clear dose-response relationship was not observed at these dose levels. CLA feeding also slightly, but not significantly, reduced the incidence and multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinomas. The inhibition of colonic tumors by PGO was associated with an increased content of CLA (c9,t11-18:2) in the lipid fraction of colonic mucosa and liver. Also, administration of PGO in the diet elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( olon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Western countries. Globally, more than 875,000 men and women were afflicted with this cancer in 1996 and more than 510,000 died in the same year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

et al. 2004

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“…Although CLN increased serum and liver triglyceride level, it reduced the weight of perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue and enhanced the activity of b-oxidation in liver mitochondria and peroxisomes to a higher extent than CLA [19]. Noguchi et al fed rats with bitter gourd oil (BGO) diets for 4 weeks and found occurrence of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) in the liver of rats [26], and the conversion of c9,t11, t13-CLN to CLA by an enzymatic biohydrogenation in rat tissue was confirmed later [34,35]. Since CLA has been reported to have benefits such as antiatherogenic and antidiabetic effects [4], it is therefore worth investigating if 9c, 11t, 13t-CLN per se or after transforming to c9,t11-CLA in vivo that may have the beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most noteworthy health benefit of bitter gourd are the hypoglycemic potential demonstrated in normal [36] and diabetic [2,7,27,31] rats as well as in human subjects with type II diabetes mellitus [21] and its hypolipidemic effect [3,15,26,29]. The mechanism for the hypoglycemic effect of bitter gourd is still unclear, although it has been shown to inhibit glucose absorption [23], promote hepatic glucose utilization [31], possess an insulin-like polypeptide [18], and even to increase the insulin-positive cell number in the pancreas [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation and identification of 9c, 11t, 13t-conjugated linolenic acid as an activator of PPARα in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

et al. 2006

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SummaryBitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a common vegetable in Asia that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of Diabetes. PPARs are ligand-dependent transcription factors that belong to the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family and control lipid and glucose homeostasis in the body. We previously reported that the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of bitter gourd activated peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPARs) a and c. To identify the active compound that activated PPARa, wild bitter gourd EA extract was partitioned between n-hexane and 90% methanol/10% H 2 O, and the n-hexane soluble fraction was further separated by silica gel column chromatography and finally by preparative HPLC. A transactivation assay employing a clone of CHOK1 cells stably transfected with a (UAS) 4 -tk-alkaline phosphatase reporter and a chimeric receptor of GAL4-rPPARa LBD was used to track the active component. Based on Mass, NMR, and IR spectroscopy, 9cis, 11trans, 13trans-conjugated linolenic acid (9c, 11t, 13t-CLN) was identified as a PPARa activator in wild bitter gourd. The isolated 9c, 11t, 13t-CLN rich fraction also significantly induced acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) activity in a peroxisome proliferator-responsive murine hepatoma cell line, H4IIEC3, implying that 9c, 11t, 13t-CLN was able to act on a natural PPARa signaling pathway as well. The content of 9c, 11t, 13t-CLN was estimated to be about 7.1 g/kg of our dried wild bitter gourd sample. The concentration of 9c, 11t, 13t-CLN and activation activity in the hydrolyzed EA extract of the seeds was higher than that of the flesh. The potential health benefits of 9c, 11t, 13t-CLN through the PPARa regulated mechanism are worthy to be further characterized in in vivo studies.

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“…Noguchi et al (2001) evaluated the effects of bitter gourd oil (BGO) on the blood and liver lipids of rats [44]. Fatty acid analysis from this study showed the presence of (cis) 9, (trans) 11 and (n3)18:3 in the liver of rat group treated with BGO diets, on the contrary this conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer was almost absent in the liver of rats fed with control diet.…”

Section: Hypolipidemic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nutritional, Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Momordica Charantia

Kumar¹,

Nallamuthu²

2015

IJNFS

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Abstract:Momordica charantia L. (Bitter gourd) is a flowering vine in the family of Cucurbitaceae. It contains an array of novel and biologically active phytochemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Medicinally, the plant has a long history of use by the indigenous people as a folk medicine. Bitter gourd is often used in Chinese cooking for its bitter flavor, typically in stir-fries, soups, and also as tea. Pakistan, Philippines, Panama and Nepal also use this bitter vegetable for culinary purposes in addition to India. Several medicinal properties of the bitter gourd have been studied by various researchers, such as anti-diabetic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-lipolytic, analgesic, abortifacient, anti-viral, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory. In vitro studies reveals that the bitter gourd proteins (α-and β-monorcharin) have inhibitory effect against HIV virus, and leaf extracts have broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity as well. Many in vivo studies have demonstrated the relatively low toxicity of all parts of the bitter gourd plant when ingested orally. This review also addresses taxonomy, phytochemical, culinary practices and pharmacological properties in detail. Over the years scientists have verified many of the traditional uses of this bitter plant that continues to be an important natural remedy in herbal medicine systems. Bitter gourd products such as concentrated fruit and seed extracts can be found in capsules and tablets, as well as in whole herb/vine powder forms and these supplements are becoming more widely available in many countries nowadays as prophylactic or therapeutic agents.

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Dietary Effects of Bitter Gourd Oil on Blood and Liver Lipids of Rats

Cited by 51 publications

References 37 publications

Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid suppresses chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

Fractionation and identification of 9c, 11t, 13t-conjugated linolenic acid as an activator of PPARα in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Nutritional, Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Momordica Charantia

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