Dietary effects on fatty acid metabolism of common carp

Abstract

The paper summarises experimental data demonstrating effects of various dietary factors exerting changes in the fatty acid composition and fatty acid metabolism of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Among the dietary factors (1) supplementary feeding in fish ponds, (2) absence of essential fatty acids (EFA) in the diet, (3) starvation, and (4) ration level were studied. It was concluded that supplementary feeding in carp rearing ponds is frequently excessive in the Hungarian carp culture practice, inducing slight EFA-deficiency and enhancing de novo fatty acid synthesis. This latter caused enlarged fat depots with high oleic acid contents in the fish organs and tissues. EFA-deficient diets enhanced the synthesis of oleic acid except when high rate of de novo fatty acid synthesis was suppressed by dietary fatty acids. Feeding EFA-deficient diets caused gradual decrease in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and gradual increase in that of Mead's acid: 20:3(n-9), an indicator of the EFA-deficiency. At prolonged starvation, polyunsaturated fatty acids of the structural lipids were somehow protected and mainly oleic acid was utilised for energy production. At high ration levels, excessive exogenous polyunsaturates were decomposed, and probably converted to oleic acid or energy. Starvation subsequent to the feeding the fish at various ration levels, reflected adaptive changes in the fatty acid metabolism: Below and above the ration level required for the most efficient feed utilisation for growth, decomposition processes of the fatty acid metabolism were accelerated.

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“…Our results on fatty acid composition of carp lipids confirmed previously published data (Csengeri, 1996;Mráz et al, 2012).…”

Fatty Acid Composition in Intramuscular Lipids of Experimental Scaly Crossbreds in 3-Year-Old Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…Wheat, however, is rich in glycides. Oleic acid is produced by desaturation of saturated FA synthesized in the carp organism from this energy-rich feed (Csengeri 1996;Henderson 1996). linoleic acid (C18 : 2n-6) content in the IMl of carp investigated in our study (PS × ROP: 6.99 ± 0.20%) did not differ from linolic acid values published by some other authors, e.g.…”

“…Abundance of natural diet (marine phytoplankton) with their high ePA and DHA contents increases PUFA n-3 levels in muscle tissue of marine fish. In contrast, natural diet of freshwater fish (freshwater algae, crustacea, aquatic larvae of insects) contains predominantly PUFA with 18 carbon chains (Csengeri 1996;Steffens 1997).…”

Fatty acids and stable isotopes as indicators of early-life feeding and potential maternal resource dependency in the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas

“…If these fatty acids are not obtained through the diet, ω9 unsaturated fatty acids, such as 20:3ω9, are synthesized by the animal instead to take the place of polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from the essential fatty acids in biochemical reactions. Thus, the presence of 20:3ω9 in plasma and tissues has long been used as a nutritional status marker not only in humans (Holman 1960, Siguel et al 1987, Jeppesen et al 1998, Le et al 2009) but also in animals such as carp Cyprinus carpio (Farkas et al 1977, Csengeri 1996, mice Mus musculus (Duffin et al 2000), and the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Gonzalez-Duran et al 2008).…”