Dietary evaluation of patients with smell and/or taste disorders

Mattes, Richard D.; Cowart, Beverly J.; Schiavo, M A; Arnold, Charles D.; Garrison, Betsy; Kare, Morley R.; Lowry, Louis D.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.2.233

Cited by 158 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The division mechanism is sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy [4]. The senses of taste and smell are integral in motivating a person's food preferences [5][6] and both child and adult cancer patients commonly attribute difficulties maintaining food intake to the altered taste developed during treatment [1,[7][8]. Altered taste in cancer patients has also been associated with decreased energy and nutrient intake [9], potentially leading to nutrient deficiencies [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste and smell dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors

et al. 2014

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste and smell dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors

et al. 2014

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“…Studies on behavior in adults with olfaction disorders, in particular patients with Kallmann syndrome, are rare and do not show major effects of hyposmia, suggesting that hyposmic patients compensate for their deficit by other sensorial and cognitive means. [19][20][21] Moreover, in humans, especially in Western and so-called developed cultures, the sense of smell is not well taught or stimulated.…”

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Olfactory Evaluation in Children: Application to the CHARGE Syndrome

Chalouhi¹,

Faulcon

Bihan-Benjamin

et al. 2005

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To find an efficient tool for testing olfactory function in children and use it to investigate a group of children with CHARGE (coloboma, congenital heart disease, choanal atresia, mental and growth retardation, genital anomalies, and ear malformations and hearing loss) syndrome.Methods. We adapted for children an olfaction test that had just been validated in an adult French population and investigated a control group of 25 healthy children aged 6 to 13 years. We then tested the olfactory capacity of a group of 14 children with CHARGE syndrome, aged 6 to 18 years. A questionnaire was completed with the parents about their children's feeding difficulties and their ability to recognize odors in everyday life. We recorded and scored the histories of feeding behavior anomalies, the visual and auditory status, and current intellectual levels. MRI of the olfactory tracts and bulbs was analyzed for 9 of 14 children.Results. We showed that healthy children have similar olfactory function to that of the adult control group, which was representative of the general population, without any difference for either gender or age. We also showed that all children with CHARGE syndrome had olfactory deficiency. Half of them were anosmic, and the others had olfactory residual function (hyposmic). We found no association between olfactory deficiency and feeding behavior, visual or auditory impairment, or intellectual level. Parental subjective evaluations were accurate for only half of the group. All of the MRIs showed anomalies of the olfactory tracts and bulbs varying from moderate hypoplasia to complete aplasia, without any relation between the radiologic and the functional results.Conclusions. Olfaction can be assessed in children, even the young and disabled. Our results support the proposition that rhinencephalon anomalies should be included as a major criterion for the diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome. ABBREVIATIONS. CHARGE, coloboma, congenital heart disease, choanal atresia, mental and growth retardation, genital anomalies, and ear malformations and hearing loss; PEA, phenylethylalcohol. O lfaction has always been and remains the most neglected sense in studies of child development and behavior, the main reasons being the poor knowledge concerning the role of olfaction in human development and behavior and the lack of available tools for investigating olfaction, in particular in children. Development of the olfactory system begins very early in the human embryo; olfactory bulbs have their definitive structure at day 56. Then, cells of the olfactory placode differentiate to gonadotropic cells and migrate to the hypothalamic region along the terminal nerve (cranial nerve 0), the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve 1), and the vomeronasal nerve. One part of the olfactory system projects to the anterior part of the hypothalamus for odor perception and discrimination; the other projects to the limbic system and the hippocampus for the behavioral impact of olfaction and olfactory emotional memory. 1 The Jacobson vome...

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“…A few studies con®rmed this relationship, especially in sick (Schiffman, 1983a, b;Schiffman & Warwick, 1993), but also in healthy elderly subjects (Griep et al 1996). Others failed to detect an association between taste and smell perception, food acceptability and a substantial reduced energy or nutrient intake in apparently healthy elderly (Ferris & Duffy, 1989;Mattes et al 1990;Mattes & Cowart, 1994).…”

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Effect of dietary supplements and physical exercise on sensory perception, appetite, dietary intake and body weight in frail elderly subjects

et al. 2000

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This present study investigated the effect of a 17-week intervention programme with nutrientdense foods (enriched with vitamins and minerals at 25±100 % of the Dutch recommended dietary allowance) and/or physical exercise in 159 frail elderly subjects (forty-six men, 113 women, mean age 78×7 (SD 5×6) years). Subjects were randomized into four groups: (1) control, (2) nutrition intervention, (3) exercise or (4) both nutrition intervention and exercise. Main outcome variables were sensory perception (smell test and questionnaire), appetite (questionnaire), energy intake (3 d food record) and body weight (on a weighing scale and with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements). At baseline, moderate but signi®cant correlations were found between appetite and energy intake (r 0×30, P , 0×0001), between smell test and smell perception assessed by questionnaire (r 0×40, P , 0×0001) and between lean body weight and energy intake (r 0×50, P , 0×0001). Results after 17-weeks intervention revealed neither change in smell test scores (P = 0×19) nor in appetite (P = 0×17). A slight positive effect of exercise compared with non-exercising groups on energy intake (difference 0×5 MJ, P = 0×05) was shown next to a preserving effect of exercise on lean body mass (+0×08 kg) compared with a decrease (-0×4 kg) in non-exercisers (P , 0×02). The correlation between the change in lean body mass and change in energy intake was 0×18 (P = 0×05). In conclusion, an interesting preserving effect on lean body mass in frail elderly subjects due to 17 weeks of exercise was shown. Since a decline in lean body mass was observed in the non-exercisers, effects may be attributable to change in activity pattern. Changes in lean mass were also slightly, but signi®cantly, correlated with changes in energy intake. In turn, energy intake was not related to a change in reported appetite or sensory perception. Nutrient-dense foods were not able to improve any of the outcome variables in this study.

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Dietary evaluation of patients with smell and/or taste disorders

Cited by 158 publications

References 16 publications

Taste and smell dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors

Taste and smell dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors

Olfactory Evaluation in Children: Application to the CHARGE Syndrome

Effect of dietary supplements and physical exercise on sensory perception, appetite, dietary intake and body weight in frail elderly subjects

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