Dietary exposure assessment of paralytic shellfish toxins through shellfish consumption in Shenzhen population, China

Abstract

Paralytic shell sh toxins (PSTs) produced by certain marine dino agellates accumulate in lter-feeding marine bivalves. We used LC-MS/MS to detect and quantify 13 PSTs in 188 shell sh samples of 14 species collected from Shenzhen city's Buji seafood wholesale market from March 2019 to February 2020. Twenty-six of 188 shell sh samples (13.8%) were PST-positive, with highest values in samples of the Noble clam Chlamys nobilis (10/34, 29.4%). Samples originating from Nan'ao island among 11 source sites in China recorded the highest detected rate (7/17, 41.2%). Samples containing PSTs were concentrated in Spring and Winter, with the highest levels in March > December > January. Among PSTs detected, C1 was dominant. Acute dietary exposure assessments for Shenzhen residents were based on P 99 consumption data (139.2g/day) and maximum PST concentration for each shell sh species. The outcome for Chlamys nobilis was 2.4 ~ 3.7-fold higher than recommended ARfDs (0.5 ~ 0.7 µg STX eq./kg bw/day). Mean PST concentration (10.9 ~ 134.1 µg STX Eq. /kg), mean shell sh consumption (4.8 g/day) and P 99 consumption data were used to assess chronic dietary exposure. The results were lower than the recommended ARfDs. In conclusion, residents in Shenzhen are at risk for acute PST poisoning, while relatively safe from chronic PST exposure.

Contamination Status and Risk Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish along the Coastal Areas of China

“…China has an extensive record of PST contamination offshore, and despite the total PSTs in shellfish remaining within the regulatory limit, consumers may still face a certain risk of dietary exposure to PSTs owing the significant variation in shellfish intake [76]. The present study assessed the dietary risks of various shellfish to consumers of all ages in different provinces along the Chinese coast.…”

“…The FAO/IOC/WHO (2004) scheme for assigning the toxicity values to non-detects (NDs) was used in this study [23]. In the lower bound (LB) scenario, 0 was applied as a substitute for ND results [76,86], while in the upper bound (UB) scenario, the limit of detection (LOD) was employed as a substitute for the ND results. Shellfish samples with PSTs > 0 in the LB were defined as positive shellfish.…”

Contamination Status and Acute Dietary Exposure Assessment of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish in the Dalian Area of the Yellow-Bohai Sea, China

“…For example carbamate (saxitoxin (STX), neoSTX, gonyautoxins (GTX1, GTX4, GTX2, GTX3)), N-sulfocarbamoyl (GTX5) and decarbamoyl toxins (dcSTX, dcneoSTX) [7,8]. As PSTs readily accumulate in filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, the potential risk of shellfish to consumers is considered [9,10].…”

“…For example carbamate (saxitoxin (STX), neoSTX, gonyautoxins (GTX1, GTX4, GTX2, GTX3)), N-sulfocarbamoyl (GTX5) and decarbamoyl toxins (dcSTX, dcneoSTX) [7,8]. As PSTs readily accumulate in filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, the potential risk of shellfish to consumers is considered [9,10]. PST poisoning events in Europe and Japan have been reported since the late 1970s and early 1980s and have mainly occurred in countries near the coastlines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans [11][12][13].…”

Contamination status of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish from Southeastern China in 2017–2021

“…The toxicity was still highly evident outside these two regions, with occasional samples exhibiting toxin levels well above the RL, and the mean values determined were notably low. Another work previously showed that the mean PSTs concentration ranged from 10.85-134.06 µg STXeq/kg, with maximum values ranging from 715.60 µg STXeq/kg to 796.00 µg STXeq/kg in Southeastern China, and the offshore banks of Guangdong Province historically exhibited low toxin levels(Zhou et al, 2022).…”