Dietary exposure of children and teenagers to benzoates, sulphites, butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylhydroxytoluen (BHT) in Beirut (Lebanon)

Soubra, Lama; Sarkis, Dolla Karam; Hilan, C.; Verger, P

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.07.005

Cited by 88 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In 303 our study, a molar ratio of 1.9/1.0 was identified as the optimal proportion, in agreement with the 304 results of Miccichè et al (6), although the models applied in these two studies were different. A 305 better degree of differentiation among the compounds was achieved in the optimized method than in 306 the non-optimized method (Figure 3).…”

Section: Screening Design 149 150supporting

confidence: 87%

“…The temperature was then fixed at 9 (5), and especially the molar ratio between 31 the ascorbate and the iron (6). 32…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miccichè et al (6), the combination of ascorbyl palmitate and iron(II) perchlorate hydrate at a molar 302 ratio of 2.0/1.0 reached its optimal catalytic activity, as determined by measurements of lag time. In 303 our study, a molar ratio of 1.9/1.0 was identified as the optimal proportion, in agreement with the 304 results of Miccichè et al (6), although the models applied in these two studies were different.…”

Section: Screening Design 149 150mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These compounds may be toxic [6,7] and must be declared on the oil or food labels, causing rejection by consumers who associate a ''clean label'' with ''safety and health'' [4]. Several researchers have reported the antioxidant activities of a number of natural compounds, suggesting their use to replace synthetic antioxidants in foods [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aplicação de técnicas fatoriais de planejamento no desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação da oxidação em óleos e emulsões

Branco¹,

Castro²

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Allan Kardec AGRADECIMENTOSÀ Deus, por iluminar meus caminhos e me dar a saúde, a força e a determinação para realizar este trabalho.À minha orientadora, professora Inar, pela confiança e orientação durante estes dois anos e meio. Os ensinamentos e o aprendizado foram fundamentais para esta conquista.À minha família, pelo amor, carinho, incentivo e apoio durante este período, que me possibilitaram alcançar mais esta realização.À todos os colegas de laboratório (Camile, Cláudia, Cyntia, Daniel, Flávia, Karina, Luciene, Mariana, Michelle, Natália, Patrícia) pelo apoio nas análises e metodologias, pelos conselhos e pela amizade.À Luciene pela amizade, ajuda nas análises e inúmeros vials retirados da estufa.À Joana e Lurdinha, pela atenção, auxílio e conversas descontraídas.Ao professor Luiz Antônio Gioelli e a Fabiana, do Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, pelas análises de perfil de ácidos graxos e microscopia do tamanho de partícula. À professora Maria Isabel Rodrigues, da Faculdade de Engenharia deAlimentos da UNICAMP, pelo suporte e ajuda no planejamento experimental e análises estatísticas.Ao Edílson, Cléo e Mônica, da Secretaria do Bloco 14, por todo auxílio e atenção.À Elaine e Jorge, da Secretaria de Pós-graduação, pelo suporte e apoio disponibilizados. APPLICATION OF FACTORIAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASSESSMENT MODEL OF THE OXIDATION IN BULK OILS AND EMULSIONSThe oxidative stability in bulk oils and emulsions is affected by many factors.However, assessment of the antioxidant effect of new compounds has been carried out under fixed conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to apply factorial techniques to develop lipid oxidation models in which the main factors vary highest observed values to these markers were obtained adding 0,885 mmol/L of iron and 1,700 mmol/L of ascorbic acid to the emulsion under 30ºC and pH 5,51. The antioxidant activity of six compounds was evaluated using both models (bulk oil and emulsion), in which a better discrimination was observed for the samples in the optimized systems. The application of factorial techniques was efficient on the joint assessment of several factors that affect the oxidative stability of oils and emulsions, and provided a better discrimination power on the antioxidant activity of natural and artificial compounds.Keywords: Antioxidants. Oxidation. Bulk oil. Emulsions. Response surface methodology. 13 INTRODUÇÃOA oxidação lipídica é uma das maiores causas de deterioração de alimentos in natura e processados. Este problema é de grande importância tanto para a indústria de alimentos quanto para a segurança alimentar, uma vez que a oxidação de ácidos graxos insaturados compromete a qualidade sensorial e nutricional após a formação de produtos primários e secundários (FRANKEL, 1980; FRANKEL, 2005). Espécies reativas naturalmente presentes ou formadas em óleos e emulsões podem abstrair moléculas de hidrogênio de ácidos graxos, iniciando o processo de autoxidação e quebra da cadeia, responsáveis pela alteração de aroma, cor, text...

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Section: Screening Design 149 150supporting

confidence: 87%

“…The temperature was then fixed at 9 (5), and especially the molar ratio between 31 the ascorbate and the iron (6). 32…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screening Design 149 150mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aplicação de técnicas fatoriais de planejamento no desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação da oxidação em óleos e emulsões

Branco¹,

Castro²

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show abstract

“…In addition to food, BHT is utilized as an antioxidant in other products such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and BHA is employed both as a preservative in food products and in manufacturing of some medications (27,28,31). Acceptable daily intake of BHA and BHT has been suggested to be 0.5 mg/kg body weight (32,33). Carcinogenicity of both compounds has been evaluated in animals, in a report by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in which it has been reported that there is limited evidence for carcinogenicity of BHT in experimental animals and no data are available for the same in humans (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcitriol Reverses Induced Expression of Efflux Proteins and Potentiates Cytotoxic Activity of Gemcitabine in Capan-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Kohan¹,

Sani²,

Boroujerdi³

2017

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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ABSTRACT-Purpose. Efflux and influx proteins play a major role in chemo-resistance by affecting the net cellular uptake of anti-cancer drugs. Hence, alteration of the efflux and influx protein expression may result in variations of chemotherapeutics uptake and consequently cell death rate. The present study investigated the effects of pre-treatment of capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells with calcitriol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or silibinin on the induction of three major efflux proteins and the main gemcitabine influx protein. The influence of the pre-treatments on the net cellular uptake of gemcitabine, total ATPase activity, and cell death rate were also evaluated. Methods. Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells were pre-treated for 24 h with calcitriol, BHT, BHA, or silibinin, followed by gemcitabine treatment. The concentration of gemcitabine was quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized in order to investigate the expression of the mRNAs. The expression of the proteins was assessed using western blotting. Measurement of the ATPase activity was conducted utilizing a colorimetric method and viability of the cells was determined using a luminescent cell viability assay. Results. Protein expression studies showed that BHT, silibinin, and BHA increased expression of the efflux proteins and decreased the overall uptake of gemcitabine, whereas calcitriol significantly inhibited expression of the efflux proteins and increased gemcitabine uptake. Expression of specific mRNAs correlated reasonably well with the levels of corresponding proteins. Additionally, the expression of efflux proteins and ATPase activity were well correlated, signifying that the induced efflux proteins are functionally active. Moreover, pre-treatment with calcitriol resulted in a significant increase in cell death with gemcitabine treatment, whereas, BHA significantly reduced the cell death rate. On the other hand, pre-treatment with BHT and silibinin had no significant effect on the cell death rate. Conclusions. Pre-treatment of the pancreatic cancer cells with calcitriol significantly increased gemcitabine cellular uptake and consequently decreased cell viability after treatment with gemcitabine, whereas BHA significantly reduced gemcitabine uptake and decreased cell death rate, which were at least partially attributed to the alteration of expression of efflux and influx proteins.

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Adverse Reactions to the Antioxidants Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene

Weber

2013

Food Allergy

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Dietary exposure of children and teenagers to benzoates, sulphites, butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) and butylhydroxytoluen (BHT) in Beirut (Lebanon)

Cited by 88 publications

References 12 publications

Aplicação de técnicas fatoriais de planejamento no desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação da oxidação em óleos e emulsões

Aplicação de técnicas fatoriais de planejamento no desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação da oxidação em óleos e emulsões

Calcitriol Reverses Induced Expression of Efflux Proteins and Potentiates Cytotoxic Activity of Gemcitabine in Capan-2 Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Adverse Reactions to the Antioxidants Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene

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