Dietary Exposure of Kestrels to Lead

Stendell, Rey C.

doi:10.2307/3807995

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A type D curve is seen more clearly in the bone of kestrels dose with lead (Stendell, 1980). In our study most organs followed a type D curve, although the curve for brain was type B and that for salt gland closer to C. Sears (1988) reported on blood lead in "normal" and dead mute swans (Cygnus olor) from southern England.…”

Section: Levels Of Lead In Herring Cull Chicks 227mentioning

confidence: 55%

Tissue levels of lead in experimentally exposed herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks

Burger

Gochfeld

1990

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Two-day-old herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks were injected with either 0.1 or 0.2 mg lead/g body mass and were sacrificed at 45 d of age. Control birds were injected with sterile water. We examined lead and cadmium levels in blood, kidney, liver, muscle, salt glands, breast feathers, and bone. In control birds lead levels were highest in bone, feathers, salt gland, and kidney, and lowest in blood, muscle, and brain. In experimental birds lead levels were highest in bone, liver, kidney, and feathers, and lowest in blood, muscle, and salt gland. In control birds cadmium levels were highest in the kidney, followed by liver, with blood and brain being the lowest. Lead-exposed birds had increased cadmium deposition in brain. For experimental birds lead levels were correlated for all tissues except the salt gland. Correlations were particularly high for feathers with brain, kidney, liver and bone, suggesting feathers can be used in biomonitoring of natural avian populations. For cadmium there were no significant correlations among tissue levels except for brain and liver. Bioamplification of lead was greatest for liver and blood, and lowest for muscle and salt gland when comparing a lead dose of 0.1 mg/g with controls.

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Section: Levels Of Lead In Herring Cull Chicks 227mentioning

confidence: 55%

Tissue levels of lead in experimentally exposed herring gull (Larus argentatus) chicks

Burger

Gochfeld

1990

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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“…Although Franson et al (1983) did not include concentrations of lead for the kidney, no intranuclear inclusions were observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of these raptors, which is in agreement with our findings. At the predicted concentration of lead in blood of 0.14 ppm and measured concentrations of lead in tissues for this peregrine falcon, no significant increased risk to infection would be expected based on previous studies in raptors (Reiser and Temple, 1981;Stendell, 1980;Franson et al, 1983;Benson et al, 1974). Therefore, the possibility of sublethal lead exposure as the predisposing factor for the infection in the peregrine falcon is remote.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many days between excessive exposures to lead would allow for adequate clearance of lead by the kidney and thus prevent excessive ac-cumulation in bone or tissue (Ohi et al, 1980;Anders et al, 1982). Stendell (1980) demonstrated that exposure of kestrels (Falco sparuerius) to ducks fed lead shot resulted in sublethal concentrations of lead in blood. The mean total concentration of lead for the ducks fed lead shot was 40.8 ppm (Stendell, 1980), which demonstrates the profound effect of lead shot ingestion on concentrations of lead in tissue (Feierabend and Myers, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stendell (1980) demonstrated that exposure of kestrels (Falco sparuerius) to ducks fed lead shot resulted in sublethal concentrations of lead in blood. The mean total concentration of lead for the ducks fed lead shot was 40.8 ppm (Stendell, 1980), which demonstrates the profound effect of lead shot ingestion on concentrations of lead in tissue (Feierabend and Myers, 1984). Franson et al (1983) fed 10 ppm lead acetate per day to female kestrels for 5-7 mo, resulting in mean accumulations of lead in the liver of 0.76 ppm without adverse effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lead Exposure in an “Urban” Peregrine Falcon and Its Avian Prey

Dement¹,

Chisolm²,

Barber³

et al. 1986

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Necropsy of a 7-yr-resident peregrine falcon (Falco peregrtnis) from Baltimore showed a Pseudomonas infection involving the pharynx as the immediate cause of death. Concentrations of lead in liver and kidney measured 0.74 and 1.40 ppm, respectively. A survey of lead exposure was performed on 40 urban rock doves (Columbu ltoia). Thirteen additional rock doves were collected from sites removed from lead contamination and served as controls. The mean concentration of lead in the blood of the urban rock doves was 0.96 ppm (range 0.29-17.0 ppm) compared to 0.05 ppm (0.01-0.07 ppm) for control birds. Ninety-eight percent (39/40) of the urban rock doves had elevated concentrations of lead in their blood, while 27% (11/40) had sublethal concentrations. None of the control birds had increased concentrations of lead in their blood. Concentrations of lead in liver and kidney of 13 urban rock doves were 3.48 ppm and 9.53 ppm, respectively, compared to concentrations of 0.43 ppm and 0.50 ppm for four control rock doves. From these data a mean total concentration of lead per rock dove was calculated at 4.60 ppm for urban birds and 0.33 ppm for control birds.

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“…It is usually caused by the ingestion of prey with Pb shot embedded in their #esh (Pattee and Hennes, 1983) rather than by the consumption of prey with elevated Pb levels in their tissues (Frenzel and Anthony, 1989), although this source of Pb could increase background Pb levels (Stendell, 1980;Custer et al, 1984). Death by Pb poisoning has been described in 15 species of diurnal raptors (Locke and Friend, 1992;Pain and AmiardTriquet, 1993;Falandysz et al, 1994;Pain et al, 1995;Kim et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%