Dietary exposure to chlorinated pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Ghanaian markets

Bempah, Crentsil Kofi; Agyekum, Akwasi Akomeah; Akuamoa, Felicia; Frimpong, Samuel Kofi; Buah-Kwofie, Archibold

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2015.12.001

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, the maximum concentration in coffee pulp may be the result of the deposition of these contact pesticides on the surface of the crop. Compared with recent studies in some African countries (Ghana [9], Nigeria [38], Togo [39], and South Africa [40]; Table 3), the staple food items Figure 3. Concentration distribution of pesticide residues in evaluated food items.…”

Section: Methods Validation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A pesticide standard was spiked into laboratory blank samples of maize, green coffee bean, teff, and red pepper to give 0.25 mg/g, and recovery was based on 4 replicates. The spiked samples were left for 1 h before extraction to allow the pesticides to partition into the matrices [9].…”

Section: Analytical Methods Validationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In areas where there is widespread use of pesticides, food safety has became a top public health concern [2]. Pesticide residues can be found in different food items such as dairy products, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and cash crops such as coffee [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In Nigeria, for example, there is evidence of excessive agricultural use of pesticides on cereals such as maize [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study found that approximately 96% of the maize samples contained residues of 1 or more organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and some samples contained OCPs above corresponding maximum residue limits [11]. In Ghana, organophosphate, organochlorine, and pyrethroid pesticides have been detected in vegetables and fruits [9], and OCP contamination of cow's milk has been shown in Giza, Egypt [6]. Obsolete pesticides have been documented as one of the major problems in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the Jimma Zone

Mekonen

Ambelu

Spanoghe

2014

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Samples of maize, teff, red pepper, and coffee (green bean and coffee bean with pulp) were collected from a local market in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Samples were analyzed for the occurrence of cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, DTT and its metabolites, and endosulfan (α, β). In the analytical procedure, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction methodology with dispersive solid phase extraction clean up (d-SPE) technique was applied. Validation of the QuEChERS method was satisfactory. Recovery percentages of most pesticides were in the range of 70% to 120%, with good repeatability (%relative standard deviation < 20). The limit of detection and limit of quantification varied between 0.001 µg/g and 0.092 µg/g and between 0.002 µg/g and 0.307 µg/g, respectively. The main pesticides detected were DDT, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and permethrin. All of the pesticides analyzed were detected in red pepper and green coffee bean. Residues of DDT in coffee pulp significantly differed (p < 0.01) from other food items except for red pepper. The concentration of pesticides in the food items varied from 0.011 mg/kg to 1.115 mg/kg. All food items contained 1 or more pesticides. Two-thirds of the samples had residues below corresponding maximum residue limits, and the remaining one-third of samples were above the maximum residue limits. These results indicate the need for a good pesticide monitoring program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people.

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Section: Methods Validation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Analytical Methods Validationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the Jimma Zone

Mekonen

Ambelu

Spanoghe

2014

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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“…Moreover in Ghana, studies show the presence of pesticides in cereals (Akoto et al 2013), fish and water sediments , even in the atmosphere (Hogarh et al 2014) and in vegetables (Akoto et al 2015;Botwe et al 2011;. Most of these studies in Ghana, showed the presence of pesticides in vegetables at the market level (Akoto et al 2015;Bempah et al 2016). It is therefore, important to assess the health effects on consumers of vegetables (cabbage and lettuce) that are eaten raw in Ghana, especially along the food chain (farm, market, cafeterias and restaurants).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana

et al. 2017

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Background: Pesticide residue levels were determined in ready-to-eat vegetables collected from 16 sites along the food chain; which is, farms, markets, cafeterias and street food vending sites in Kumasi, Ghana. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of pesticides residues in two ready-to-eat vegetables and assess the health risks due to consumption of these contaminated vegetables. Methods: Pesticide residues in ready-to-eat vegetables or salads were extracted by means of the QuEChERS method. Synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides residues in samples were determined using Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector and Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector respectively. Consumption data of ready-to-eat vegetables were obtained from a questionnaire-based dietary survey in the study area. The hazard index and the relative potency factor (RPFs) approaches were used to assess the health risk from chronic cumulative dietary exposure to pesticides. Results: There were six synthetic pyrethroid residues detected in the ready-to-eat samples at varying concentrations. They were bifenthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and fenvalerate. Also, two organophosphates were detected in the samples; which were chlorpyrifos and diazinon. Lambda-cyhalothrin residues was present in all the samples in the study, with the mean concentration of 4.5 × 10 −2 mgkg −1 . The mean concentration of diazinon in all the samples (0.040 mgkg −1 ) exceeded the EU MRLs (0.01 mgkg −1 ), chlopyrifos exceeded its MRL in one sample from the street food vending site and cafeteria each. Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate and Permethrin exceeded their respective MRL in samples from Asafo (Street food vending sites) and Adum (Cafeteria) and KNUST (Farm) respectively. However, the health index of all pesticides residues detected were below the permissible limit. The cumulative intake from the RPF approach for the pesticides were relatively lower than the ADI of the index chemicals. Conclusion: The concentrations of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, diazinon and permethrin exceeded their respective EU MRLs in some ready-to-eat vegetable samples in the study. The health index and comparison of cumulative intake from RPF with ADI of the index chemicals suggest that pesticide residues in ready-to-eat vegetables could not be considered a major public health problem.

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Developments in Electronic Noses for Quality and Safety Control

Rayappan

Kulandaisamy

Ezhilan

et al. 2017

Advances in Food Diagnostics

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Dietary exposure to chlorinated pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Ghanaian markets

Cited by 49 publications

References 19 publications

Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the Jimma Zone

Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the Jimma Zone

Health risks due to consumption of pesticides in ready-to-eat vegetables (salads) in Kumasi, Ghana

Developments in Electronic Noses for Quality and Safety Control

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