2016
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1268273
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Dietary exposure to trace elements and health risk assessment in the Region of Valencia (Spain). A Total Diet Study

Abstract: Dietary exposure of the Valencian region population to lead, cadmium, inorganic arsenic (iAs), chromium, copper, tin and methylmercury (meHg) was assessed in a total diet study carried out in the region of Valencia in 2010-11. A total of 8100 food samples were collected and analysed. Occurrence data were combined with consumption data to estimate dietary exposure in adults (> 15 years of age) and young children (6-15 years of age). The estimated intake was calculated by a probabilistic approach. Average intake… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…The dietary exposures for cadmium (2.6 μg/day), mercury (10 μg/day), and lead (8.4 μg/day) in this region were below the values observed in our sample. Regardless, our results are consistent with those from preceding investigations in Spain, indicating that dietary exposures of cadmium, lead and mercury in the Spanish diet are often within the recommendations [ 10 , 39 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. One study estimated the dietary intake of the considered heavy metals [ 63 ] in our region and determined that our area revealed one of the lowest dietary exposures to cadmium and the highest dietary exposure of mercury in Spain; we admit that it is possible that the dietary patterns of our region have changed since then, and changes in the dietary exposures of cadmium, lead and mercury in our region might arise.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The dietary exposures for cadmium (2.6 μg/day), mercury (10 μg/day), and lead (8.4 μg/day) in this region were below the values observed in our sample. Regardless, our results are consistent with those from preceding investigations in Spain, indicating that dietary exposures of cadmium, lead and mercury in the Spanish diet are often within the recommendations [ 10 , 39 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. One study estimated the dietary intake of the considered heavy metals [ 63 ] in our region and determined that our area revealed one of the lowest dietary exposures to cadmium and the highest dietary exposure of mercury in Spain; we admit that it is possible that the dietary patterns of our region have changed since then, and changes in the dietary exposures of cadmium, lead and mercury in our region might arise.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…We observed that our participants had figures well below the PTWI for lead. Our findings (4.82 μg/kg b.w./w) are consistent with those from previous studies in Spain [ 39 , 54 , 55 ] that assessed the dietary exposure of heavy metals. The results achieved, in regard to the average dietary exposure of lead in those studies, ranged from 4 μg/kg b.w./w to 56 μg/kg b.w./w between the zones considered.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…People may be exposed to elemental or inorganic Hg through inhalation of ambient air, during occupational activities and from dental amalgams [8], but the main nonoccupational exposure of humans to Hg is in its organic form (MeHg), considered the most toxic species of Hg [9]. The main route of exposure to MeHg is through diet, by the consumption of fish and seafood [10,11]. Small-scale or artisanal mining, using gold-mercury amalgamation to extract gold from ore, is a significant source of exposure for the workers and nearby populations [12,13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Human exposure to Hg can be assessed using an environmental monitoring approach. In this case, the Hg level in specific matrices such as food, water and air can be determined and external exposure to Hg estimated [11]. However, this method requires a lot of data on Hg levels in different matrices and does not allow one to have information on the real dose absorbed by the human body (body burden) [22].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For human beings, the exposition to toxic levels of mercury can cause neurological, nephrological, cardiac and reproductive disorders as well as genetic damage (Zahir et al, 2005; (ATSDR), 1999). The exposition sources to Hg is primarily through the consumption of contaminated fish, especially large predatory fish species such as tuna, swordfish, shark and whale (NRC (National Research Council ), 2000, Boening 2000; UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Brodzka 2009, Marín, et al, 2017, besides the respiration of vapor Hg and PHg, coming from industrial activities (Fu et al, 2011). In this sense, high mercury concentration can be emitted from coal fired power plants, producing enrichment of the atmospheric mercury contents and increasing the exposition risk for contaminated air respiration (Beckers and Rinklebe, 2017).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%