Dietary factors and lung cancer risk in Japanese: with special reference to fish consumption and adenocarcinomas

Abstract

To investigate risk modification for lung cancer with diet in Japanese, we conducted a hospital-based case–control study and evaluated variation in influence with the histological type. We recruited 367 male and 240 female cases with adenocarcinomas, and 381 male and 57 female cases with squamous cell and small cell carcinomas. Controls comprised 2964 male and 1189 female cancer-free outpatients matched for sex and age with the cases. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer were calculated with adjustment for potential confounding factors, using an unconditional logistic model. We found decreased ORs for adenocarcinomas in both males (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.84) and females (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.94) who consumed cooked/raw fish, but not dried/salted fish at the highest quartile frequency, compared with the lowest. Soybean curd consumption was associated with a decreased OR for female adenocarcinomas. Decreased ORs for squamous cell and small cell carcinomas were observed in males with frequent consumption of raw and green vegetables, fruit and milk, but consumption of carrot, pumpkin, egg and coffee was associated with increased ORs. This study suggests cooked/raw fish consumption lowers the risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung in Japanese. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com

Soy consumption reduces the risk of non‐small‐cell lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations among Japanese

“…In addition, we and others have previously reported that soy product consumption is associated with a decreased risk of all NSCLCs. (26)(27)(28)(29) These findings may provide insights into both the genesis and differentiation of NSCLCs. Soybean isoflavones are heterocyclic phenols closely related in structure to estrogen and their very weak estrogenic activity despite higher affinity for estrogen receptors than estrogens themselves endows them with antiestrogenic effects.…”

Cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of lung cancer by histologic type in middle‐aged Japanese men and women: The JPHC study

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The magnitude of relative risk in Japan ranged from 3.7-5.1 for all histologic types combined, either from cohort or case-control studies. When divided by histologic type, findings from a case-control study indicated that odds ratios ranged from 4.3-21.4 for squamous cell and small cell carcinoma and from 1.5-3.7 for adenocarcinoma.…”

“…12 European countries also reported that the risk of lung adenocarcinoma was much higher for current smokers than non-smokers, i.e., 8.0 times higher for men and 4.1 times for women in a case-control study recently conducted in 6 countries (1988 -1994), 13 while in a case-control study in 5 countries conducted previously (1976 -1980) corresponding estimates were 3.5 and 1.8 for men and women, respectively. 14 In Asian countries, however, the relative risk of lung adenocarcinoma associated with cigarette smoking have been reported to be less than 2-3, much lower than those reported in the US or Europe, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and there have been few recent updated reports.…”

DHA May Have a Profoundly Protective Impact on the Lungs of Smokers

“…Additional case-control or cohort studies in Norway, Hong Kong, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Japan (the latter focused solely on adenocarcinomas) likewise have found that consumption of fish or fish liver oil correlates inversely with lung cancer risk or mortality [14][15][16][17]. A trend (p = 0.08) toward protection with fresh fish consumption was also reported in a study from New Caledonia [18].…”