Dietary Factors and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Observational Studies

Qin, Xianpeng; Chen, Jing; Jia, Guiqing; Yang, Zhou

doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.02.004

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In 2023, Qin et al conducted an umbrella review to investigate the association between dietary factors, including red meat consumption, and pancreatic cancer risk. Their findings revealed a positive association between a higher intake of red meat and the incidence of pancreatic cancer [ 12 ]. In 2022, Yu et al conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between meat intake and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between major gastrointestinal cancers and red and processed meat and fish consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies

Poorolajal,

Mohammadi,

Fattahi-Darghlou

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background The association between red meat, fish, and processed meat consumption and the risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains inconclusive despite several investigations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to update the existing scientific evidence. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until May 20, 2023. We analyzed observational studies that examined the associations between red and processed meat and fish consumption and GI cancers. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the χ2 and τ2 tests, as well as I2 statistics. We explored the likelihood of publication bias using Begg’s and Egger’s tests and trim-and-fill analysis. We reported the overall effect sizes as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. Results Of the 21,004 studies identified, 95 studies involving 5,794,219 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The consumption of high levels of red meat, as compared to low levels, was found to significantly increase the risk of developing esophageal, pancreatic, liver, colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. Similarly, the consumption of high levels of processed meat, as compared to low levels, significantly increased the risk of pancreatic, colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. In contrast, the consumption of high levels of fish, as compared to low levels, significantly reduced the risk of colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. Conclusions This meta-analysis provides updated evidence on the association between red meat, processed meat, and fish consumption and the risk of developing five major types of GI cancers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between major gastrointestinal cancers and red and processed meat and fish consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies

Poorolajal,

Mohammadi,

Fattahi-Darghlou

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…These dietary habits often lead to weight gain and obesity, which promote chronic inflammation of adipose tissue, creating a favorable microenvironment for cancer initiation and progression [ 39 ]. Additionally, studies indicate that a high-calorie diet primarily consisting of red and processed meats, carbohydrates, and high-fat foods increases the risk of PC [ 40 ]. In contrast, healthy dietary habits, characterized by the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in fiber, PUFAs, and vitamins, can positively impact human health by reducing chronic inflammation and subsequent DNA damage [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employing Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Verify the Potential of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer

Sha,

Zhu

2024

CIMB

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically Omega-3 (FAω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been studied for their potential role in modulating pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. Although observational studies suggest a beneficial effect in reducing this risk, their findings are often limited by confounding variables and issues of reverse causation. This study used a two-way two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to test the hypothesized genetic causal relationship between PUFAs and PC risk. Data from an extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) were analyzed, focusing on FAω3 and FAω6 levels, their ratios, and DHA as variables and PC incidence as outcomes. This relationship was comprehensively evaluated using related MR methods, such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median (WM). This study finds a significant negative correlation between FAω3 and DHA levels and PC risk, while FAω6 levels show no significant correlation. Interestingly, the ratio of FAω6 to FAω3 was positively associated with increased risk of PC. Neither the MR Egger nor the MR-PRESSO tests detected significant pleiotropy, nor did the Cochrane’s Q test show significant heterogeneity. Leave-one-out analyzes further confirmed the robustness of these results. Using MR analysis of two samples, this study provides genetic causal evidence that FAω3 and DHA levels reduce the risk of PC, whereas the ratio of FAω6 to FAω3 increases the risk of PC. These insights highlight the potential utility of supplementing FAω3 and DHA or altering PUFAs in developing PC prevention strategies.

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“…The condition is more common in industrialized regions, with New Zealand reporting the highest incidence of cases and Nigeria and India the lowest Alcoholism, smoking, family history of pancreatic, colon, ovarian, and breast cancer, as well as some associated occupational carcinogens like asbestos, ionizing radiation, gasoline, oil, coal, aluminum, rubber, chrome pigments, chemical compounds, pesticides, particularly organochlorines like DDT [4], are the risk factors for developing the disease. Regarding the dietary aspect, an increased risk is described in people with a high caloric intake, primarily based on carbohydrates and cholesterol, associated with poor information on fiber and vitamin C [5]. Although in the present scenario, the genetic study of neoplasms in general and pancreatic cancer, in particular, is still incipient, it is essential to emphasize the genetic component that involves this pathology, which includes a series of alterations in transmembrane genes related to fibrosis, cystic disease, DNA mutations such as in Fanconi anemia, and genetic polymorphisms in BRCA2, ERCC2, and SPINK 1 [6], all of which, together with environmental factors, probably explain the onset of this entity in patients at an early age and with symptoms of extensive metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus as A Risk Factor for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in A Young Patient

2023

J Med Case Rep Case Ser

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Dietary Factors and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Observational Studies

Cited by 12 publications

References 98 publications

The association between major gastrointestinal cancers and red and processed meat and fish consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies

The association between major gastrointestinal cancers and red and processed meat and fish consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies

Employing Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Verify the Potential of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer

A Rare Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus as A Risk Factor for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in A Young Patient

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