Dietary factors in relation to weight change among men and women from two southeastern New England communities

Parker, David; Gonzalez, Sharon; Derby, Carol A.; Gans, Kim M.; Lasater, Thomas M.; Carleton, Richard A.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800373

Cited by 86 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…There are three studies showing no association. 3,20,21 Two studies show direct relations, 10,11 one among men, the other in both genders, but only with regard to sports activity. In three studies, the expected inverse relation 11,22,23 was found, the two of them in women only, and the third study without adjustment for baseline BMI, which implies that the observed effect could also be a result of the effect of BMI on physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults

2003

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BACKGROUND:Earlier observational studies of the relation between physical activity and obesity are inconsistent and ambiguous, showing a clear cross-sectional inverse relation, and a prospective association only when physical activity at the time of follow-up is included. OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term effect of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on subsequent development of obesity and the effect of body weight on later physical inactivity in a population-based longitudinal setting taking into account the effects of historical changes on future changes as well as pertinent confounders. DESIGN: The study included 3653 women and 2626 men aged 20-78 y selected at random within sex-age strata from the general population of Copenhagen. At two surveys, 5 y apart, LTPA, body mass index (BMI) (weight/height 2 , kg/m 2 ), several possible confounders and modifying factors were assessed. Obesity (defined as BMI Z30 kg/m 2 ) and LTPA was assessed at the 3rd survey 10 y later. Odds ratios (with 95% confidence limits) for developing obesity between the last two surveys were estimated by logistic regression analysis, taking into account baseline and preceding changes in BMI and LTPA. A similar analysis of odds ratios for physical inactivity as outcome at the 3rd survey was conducted. RESULTS: Compared to physical inactivity, the odds ratios of development of obesity among women with medium and high level of activity were 0.81 (0.53, 1.25) and 1.16 (0.73, 1.84), respectively, and among men, the odds ratios were 1.28 (0.71, 2.33) and 1.65 (0.91, 2.99), respectively. Compared to median BMI, the odds ratio of later physical inactivity among women with high BMI was 1.91 (1.39, 2.61), and among men the odds ratio was 1.50 (1.01, 2.22). The associations were not confounded or modified by age, pre-existing diseases, smoking, alcohol intake, educational level, occupational physical activity or by familial predisposition to obesity. CONCLUSION: This study did not support that physical inactivity as reported in the freely living adult population in the long term is associated with the development of obesity, but the study indicates that obesity may lead to physical inactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults

2003

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“…The law of energy balance dictates that an energy intake that exceeds energy needs will contribute towards weight gain. Indeed, several observational studies have shown an increase of BMI with increasing energy intake (Parker et al, 1997;Gillis et al, 2002;Schroder et al, 2003). Furthermore, experimental studies found an increase of total energy intake with higher energy density of the diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality and lifestyle associated with free selected low-energy density diets in a representative Spanish population

et al. 2007

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Objective: Dietary intake is strongly influenced by the energy density of the diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of energy density with diet quality, dietary reference intake (DRI) for energy and lifestyle characteristics in free-living people. Subjects: The subjects were Spanish men (n ¼ 1491) and women (n ¼ 1563) selected in between 1999 and 2000 among the general population according to the 1996 census. Results: A low-energy density diet was significantly associated (Po0.001) with a higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and white meat as compared to high-energy density diets. More subjects (Po0.001) with a high adherence to low-energy density diets meet DRI for energy intake and tended to be closer (Po0.05) to the recommendations of dietary intakes, established by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition than those following a high-energy density diet. Alcohol consumption, the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and smoking significantly increased (Po0.01) across quartile distribution of energy density. Conclusion: Low-energy density diets of the present population were associated with a healthier lifestyle. Furthermore, our data suggest that adherence to low-energy density diets, with similar characteristics to those found in the present population, promote adequate energy intakes and increase overall diet quality.

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“…In addition, obesity is generally considered as an aesthetic drawback in most modern societies. Reduced energy intake and increased physical activity are the only established approaches to reducing BMI that can be sustained over long periods of time (Klesges et al, 1992;Nelson & Tucker, 1996;Rising et al, 1994;Schulz & Schoeller, 1994;De Groot & van Staveren, 1995;Parker et al, 1997;Trichopoulou et al, 2000). There is also an extensive literature, from both animal experiments and human studies, addressing the question whether specific energy-generating nutrients affect BMI differentially, after accounting for their energy content (Slattery et al, 1992;Stubbs et al, 1997;Willett, 1998a;West & York, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid, protein and carbohydrate intake in relation to body mass index

et al. 2002

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Objective: To examine whether the same amount of energy intake has different consequences on body mass index (BMI), depending on the source of energy from specific macronutrients. Design: Cross-sectional study, in the context of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC). Setting: Communities all over Greece. Subjects: A total of 27 862 apparently healthy volunteers, men and women, ages 25 -82 y. Interventions: None. Methods: Dietary information was collected through an interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In the context of a cross-sectional analysis, we calculated changes of BMI per increments of energy intake from protein, carbohydrates, saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated lipids and ethanol, controlling for mutual confounding and other confounders, among all participants, and after exclusion of under-reporters and=or those on a diet. Results: Protein intake was positively associated with BMI. The association was evident when nutrients were not mutually adjusted for and increased after mutual adjustment among nutrients (b ¼ 0.80 kg=m 2 per 418.4 kJ or 100 kcal increment, 95% confidence interval 0.55 -1.06 for men, and b ¼ 1.59, 95% CI 1.30 -1.88 for women), as well as after exclusion of underreporters and=or those on a diet. The effects of other macronutrients were less substantial or consistent. Conclusions: There is evidence indicating that protein intake is conducive to obesity. Moreover, our data suggest that neither saturated or monounsaturated lipids nor carbohydrates are likely to play a major role in increasing BMI over and beyond that indicated by their energy content.

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Dietary factors in relation to weight change among men and women from two southeastern New England communities

Cited by 86 publications

References 34 publications

Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults

Longitudinal study of the long-term relation between physical activity and obesity in adults

Diet quality and lifestyle associated with free selected low-energy density diets in a representative Spanish population

Lipid, protein and carbohydrate intake in relation to body mass index

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