Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States

Ascherio, Alberto; Rimm, Eric B.; Giovannucci, E; Spiegelman, Donna; Stampfer, Meir J.; Willett, Walter C.

doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7049.84

Cited by 641 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition to improving the serum cholesterol profiles, it is likely that the serum fatty acid profiles of the walnut diets could contribute to the reduced risk of both coronary heart disease and non-fatal myocardial infarction. This hypothesis is supported by results of the multiple risk factors intervention trial (Dolecek, 1992), and a secondary prevention trial in France (de Lorgeril et al, 1994(de Lorgeril et al, , 1999) and a cohort study of women in the USA (Ascherio et al, 1996). All these studies have shown that there is an inverse association between the intake of alinolenic acid and the risk of coronary disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Serum lipid profiles in Japanese women and men during consumption of walnuts

et al. 2002

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Objective: To determine the serum cholesterol, apolipoproteins and LDL oxidizability in young Japanese women and men during walnut consumption and to evaluate its active principle. Design: Experimental study with a randomized design. Subjects: Twenty healthy women and 20 healthy men. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to consume each of two mixed natural diets for 4 weeks in a cross-over design. Reference and walnut diets were designed and the walnut diet had 12.5% of the energy derived from walnuts (44 -58 g=day). Results: The total cholesterol and serum apolipoprotein B concentrations, and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol was significantly lowered in women and men when fed on the walnut diet, than when on the reference diet (P 0.05). The LDL cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered in women on the walnut diet (0.22 mmol=l, P ¼ 0.0008), whereas this decrease was not significant in men (0.18 mmol=l, P ¼ 0.078). The most prominent change in the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl esters from serum after the walnut diet was an elevation of a-linolenic acid in women (76%, P < 0.001) and men (107%, P < 0.001). This elevation was negatively correlated to the change in LDL cholesterol in women (r ¼ 0.496, P ¼ 0.019) and men (r ¼ 0.326, P ¼ 0.138). The LDL oxidizability in women was not influenced by the diets (P ¼ 0.19). Conclusions: a-Linolenic acid in the walnut diet appears to be responsible for the lowering of LDL cholesterol in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Serum lipid profiles in Japanese women and men during consumption of walnuts

et al. 2002

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“…The Health Professionals Follow-up Study (Ascherio et al, 1996) found a 59% reduction in the risk of MI associated with an increase in ALA consumption of 1% of dietary energy. In a 10 MJ diet, a 1% increase in energy equates to 2.7 g ALA, an amount found in about two tablespoons of ground flaxseed meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practical approach to increasing intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: use of novel foods enriched with n-3 fats

et al. 2003

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“…41 Given that enterolactone is a marker for a diet high in fibre and a protective effect of fiber against coronary heart disease has been observed in 2 studies, whereas no such data are available for prostate cancer, the results of these 2 enterolactone studies are congruent with the literature. 21,42,43 The intrinsic biologic effects of enterolactone have been attributed to its estrogenic activity, 1 but a recent study did not find any estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity of enterolactone. 44 …”

Section: Enterolactone and Prostate Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%