Dietary Fat Saturation Affects Apolipoprotein AII Levels and HDL Composition in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Increased HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. However, HDL are heterogeneous lipoproteins, and particles enriched in apolipoprotein (Apo) AII have been associated with increased CHD risk. We examined the effect of dietary intervention on HDL composition in 14 postmenopausal women subjected to two consecutive diet periods, i.e., an oleic acid sunflower oil diet followed by a palmolein diet, each lasting 4 wk. The linoleic acid was kept at 4% total energy and the cholesterol intake at 400 mg/d. The palmolein diet increased serum total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.001), phospholipids (P < 0.001), Apo AII (P < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05), HDL lipids (P < 0.05), HDL proteins (P < 0.01) and the HDL total mass (P < 0.05). The HDL cholesterol/Apo AI ratio was increased 22.0% (P < 0.05), whereas the HDL cholesterol/Apo AII and the Apo AI/Apo AII ratios were decreased 19.4% (P < 0.01) and 30.4%, (P < 0.001), respectively. When the effects of the dietary intervention were examined according to the cholesterolemia status (< or >6.2 mmol/L), the most significant changes (P < 0.001) were related to Apo AII levels. Moreover, a significant dietary oil by cholesterol level interaction was found for Apo AII and the HDL cholesterol/Apo AII ratio. In summary, a palmolein diet increased TC and HDL cholesterol compared with oleic acid sunflower oil diet; however, the increase in Apo AII but not in Apo AI suggests the impairment of reverse cholesterol transport and potentially an increase in CHD risk. This effect was more marked in women with serum TC > 6.2 mmol/L.

Effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4962 on plasma lipid profiles and morphology of erythrocytes in hypercholesterolaemic pigs on high- and low-fat diets

“…The HDL particles contain high amounts of protein (approximately 50 %) with small amounts of TAG (5 %), cholesterol (20 %) and phospholipids (25 %) 26 . These have been manifested in pigs on all treatment groups (Fig.…”

Obesity‐related Changes in High‐density Lipoprotein Metabolism

“…Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids upregulate hepatic scavenger receptor class B type 1 expression, increase HDLc ester transport to the liver, and as a consequence, plasma HDLc level is reduced (72). It is noteworthy that diets enriched in saturated fatty acids, unlike diets enriched in unsaturated fatty acids, are associated with increased HDLc and in apo A‐II levels but not in apo A‐I levels (73). This effect is gender specific.…”

Dietary Exchange of an Olive Oil and Sunflower Oil Blend for Extra Virgin Olive Oil Decreases the Estimate Cardiovascular Risk and LDL and Apolipoprotein AII Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women

“…CHD patients have significantly lower levels of certain HDL subpopulations that contain only apolipoprotein (apo) AI, and significantly higher levels of other HDL subpopulations containing both apo AI and apo AII [9]. Apo AII increases in hypercholesterolemic women after SFA consumption [10]. Apo AI-enriched HDL appear to play a central role in facilitating reverse cholesterol transport; thus, these HDL protect against the development of [11].…”