Dietary fats and diabetes mellitus: Is there a good fat?

Segal-Isaacson, C. J.; Carello, Elena; Wylie‐Rosett, Judith

doi:10.1007/s11892-001-0029-3

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The high content of MUFA and PUFA in nuts seems to enhance the reduction of IR, thus consequently reducing the risk of developing T2D [ 129 , 130 , 131 ]. However, the mechanisms by which these fatty acids (FA) affect insulin sensitivity are not yet fully understood [ 132 ]. It is believed, however, that the FAs present in the phospholipids of different cell membranes are affected by the type of fatty acid intake, thus affecting insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Linking Nut and Dried Fruit Consumptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Update of Their Beneficial Effects on Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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Nuts and dried fruit are essential foods in the Mediterranean diet. Their frequent consumption has been associated with the prevention and/or the management of such metabolic conditions as type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Several previous reviews of epidemiological studies and clinical trials have evaluated the associations of nuts and/or dried fruit with various metabolic disorders. However, no reviews have focused on the mechanisms underlying the role of nuts and/or dried fruit in insulin resistance and T2D. This review aims to report nut and dried-fruit nutritional interventions in animals and humans, and to focus on mechanisms that could play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Linking Nut and Dried Fruit Consumptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Update of Their Beneficial Effects on Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2017

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“…Although ␣-linolenic acid, a long-chain n3 fatty acid, is associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular disease (14,15 ), it does not appear to alter the concentrations of plasma lipoproteins or their particle size (16 ). Linoleic acid, an n6 fatty acid and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the human diet, can lower plasma glucose and LDL cholesterol (1,17 ). n3 fatty acids contribute to membrane phospholipids, have anti-inflammatory properties (18 -20 ), and are hypothesized to reduce abdominal adiposity, increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of the MetS (21,22 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and the Metabolic Syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GOLDN Study

et al. 2008

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Background: Different fatty acids may vary in their effect on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We tested whether fatty acid classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with the MetS or its components. Methods: Included were men [n = 497; mean (SD) age, 49 (16) years] and women [n = 539; age, 48 (16) years] from 187 families in a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) family study of the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) conducted in Utah and Minnesota. We used gas chromatography to measure erythrocyte fatty acids and obtained data on potential confounding variables from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of the MetS as defined by the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was 36.8% in Utah and 39.6% in Minnesota (P >0.05). In a multivariate model that included 4 fatty acid classes, covariates, and pedigree as a random effect, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the MetS in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile of polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1.00, 0.72 (0.47–1.10), 0.67 (0.43–1.05), and 0.39 (0.24–0.64), respectively (P for trend = 0.0002). For the corresponding quartiles of saturated fatty acids, the odds ratios were 1.00, 1.19 (0.77–1.84), 1.48 (0.94–2.34), and 1.63 (1.01–2.63), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Unlike n6 fatty acids, which showed an inverse association (P <0.05) with MetS, n3, trans, and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the MetS (P >0.05). We observed significant correlations (P <0.05) between fatty acid classes, insulin, and components of the MetS. Conclusions: Polyunsaturated fats are inversely associated with the MetS, whereas saturated fatty acids are positively associated with the MetS, probably through their effect on lipids, adiposity, insulin, and blood pressure.

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“…These conditions are associated with high dietary fat intake [6][7][8][9] and may be due to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction instituted by fatty acid species [10][11][12]. The model of high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse has been developed to study the impact of dietary fat for islet dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and to explore novel therapeutic targets [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Temporal and dietary fat content–dependent islet adaptation to high-fat feeding–induced glucose intolerance in mice

2007

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The high-fat fed mouse is an experimental model for studies of islet dysfunction as a mechanism for glucose intolerance and for evaluation of therapeutic targets. This model is, however, dynamic with a temporal and dietary fat content-dependent impact on islet function and glucose tolerance, the details of which are unknown. This study therefore examined the time course of changes in the insulin response to intravenous glucose (1g/kg) in relation to glucose tolerance in female mice after 1, 3, 8 or 16 weeks of feeding diets containing 11% fat (normal diet-ND), 30% fat (medium-fat diet-MFD) or 58% fat (high-fat diet-HFD; by energy). HFD increased body weight and body fat content, whereas MFD did not. The insulin response (postglucose suprabasal mean 1 and 5 min insulin), was impaired after one week on MFD (481± 33 pM) or HFD (223± 31 pM) compared to the ND (713±46 pM; both P<0.001).This was accompanied by impaired glucose elimination compared to ND (both P<0.001).Over the 16-week study period, the insulin response adaptively increased in the groups fed HFD and MFD; to be not significantly different from ND after 16 weeks. This compensation normalized glucose tolerance in MFD, whereas the glucose tolerance was still below normal in HFD. Insulin clearance, as judged by elimination of intravenous human insulin, was not altered in HFD, suggested that the observed changes in insulin responses to glucose are due to changes in insulin secretion rather than to changes in insulin clearance. We conclude that time-and dietary fat-dependent dynamic adaptive islet compensation evolves after introducing high-fat diet in mice, and that MFD-fed mice is a novel non-obese model of glucose intolerance.Key words: Insulin secretion, dietary fat, beta cell dysfunction, obesity 2 Glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes are characterized by insufficient islet compensation to insulin resistance [1][2][3][4][5]. These conditions are associated with high dietary fat intake [6-9] and may be due to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction instituted by fatty acid species [10][11][12]. The model of high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse has been developed to study the impact of dietary fat for islet dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and to explore novel therapeutic targets [13,14]. This model is associated with insulin resistance as demonstrated by the euglycemic clamp technique and estimation of the insulin sensitivity index from data obtained from the intravenous glucose tolerance test [15]. The model is also associated with glucose intolerance, as evident by impaired glucose disposal following glucose challenge [13][14][15]. As has previously been observed during long-term studies, the high-fat fed mouse model is a dynamic model in which compensatory adaptations may change by time. Hence, one study demonstrated failure of insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance during the first 4 weeks of dieting with a diet containing a very high (58%) amount of fat, followed by a clear compensatory increase at later time...

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Dietary fats and diabetes mellitus: Is there a good fat?

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Update of Their Beneficial Effects on Type 2 Diabetes

Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Update of Their Beneficial Effects on Type 2 Diabetes

Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and the Metabolic Syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GOLDN Study

Temporal and dietary fat content–dependent islet adaptation to high-fat feeding–induced glucose intolerance in mice

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