Dietary Fats and the Diabetic Patient

Kinsell, Laurance W.; Walker, Geoffrey F.; Michaels, George D.; Olson, Florence; Coelho, Marjorie; McBride, Yvonne; Fukayama, George; Conklin, Joyce

doi:10.1056/nejm195908272610904

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…on the health benefits of MUFAs, it was concluded that MUFAs are capable of favorably modulating insulin sensitivity and glycemic control when substituted for SFAs. Many dietary intervention studies have tested the effects that a substitution of SFAs with MUFAs or PUFAs has on insulin sensitivity . However, many other factors beyond dietary fatty acid composition may influence glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of health benefits of canola oil

Lin

Allemekinders

Dansby³

et al. 2013

Nutr Rev

219

161

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Canola oil-based diets have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol levels in comparison with diets containing higher levels of saturated fatty acids. Consumption of canola oil also influences biological functions that affect various other biomarkers of disease risk. Previous reviews have focused on the health effects of individual components of canola oil. Here, the objective is to address the health effects of intact canola oil, as this has immediate practical implications for consumers, nutritionists, and others deciding which oil to consume or recommend. A literature search was conducted to examine the effects of canola oil consumption on coronary heart disease, insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, energy metabolism, and cancer cell growth. Data reveal substantial reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as other positive actions, including increased tocopherol levels and improved insulin sensitivity, compared with consumption of other dietary fat sources. In summary, growing scientific evidence supports the use of canola oil, beyond its beneficial actions on circulating lipid levels, as a health-promoting component of the diet.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of health benefits of canola oil

Lin

Allemekinders

Dansby³

et al. 2013

Nutr Rev

219

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The role of dietary fat in type 2 diabetes has been of clinical interest for many decades. Kinsell et al were probably the first to report that type of fat consumed could influence insulin action in humans [2]. In a case report, a patient with type 1 diabetes required less exogenous insulin after substituting safflower oil rich in n-6 FA for triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and oleic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes

Risérus

Willett

2009

Progress in Lipid Research

645

466

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Although type 2 diabetes is determined primarily by lifestyle and genes, dietary composition may affect both its development and complications. Dietary fat is of particular interest because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signaling, and gene expression. This paper focuses on the prevention of type 2 diabetes and summarizes the epidemiologic literature on associations between types of dietary fat and diabetes risk. It also summarizes controlled feeding studies on the effects of dietary fats on metabolic mediators, such as insulin resistance. Taken together, the evidence suggests that replacing saturated fats and trans fatty acids with unsaturated (polyunsaturated and/or monounsaturated) fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and is likely to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes. Among polyunsaturated fats, linoleic acid from the n-6 series improves insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, long-chain n-3 fatty acids do not appear to improve insulin sensitivity or glucose metabolism. In dietary practice, foods rich in vegetable oils, including non-hydrogenated margarines, nuts, and seeds, should replace foods rich in saturated fats from meats and fat-rich dairy products. Consumption of partially hydrogenated fats should be minimized. Additional controlled, long-term studies are needed to improve our knowledge on the optimal proportion of different types of fats to prevent diabetes.

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“…The role of dietary fat in T2D has been of clinical interest for many decades. Kinsell et al [10] reported that the type of fat consumed might influence insulin action in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Glycaemic Control in Patients with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Schwingshackl¹,

Strasser²,

Hoffmann³

2011

Ann Nutr Metab

132

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Background/Aims: In 2008, the American Diabetes Association recommended low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets for weight management in patients with established type 2 diabetes (T2D), while the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was not specified. This systematic review focused on the effects of diets high in MUFA versus diets low in MUFA on important risk factors of T2D (i.e. plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and glycosylated haemoglobin, HbA1c). Methods: Nine randomized controlled intervention trials with a total of 1,547 participants and a running time of at least 6 months, comparing diets high versus low in MUFA among adults with abnormal glucose metabolism (T2D, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistant), being overweight or obese, have been included in the meta-analysis. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to determine the weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals using the software package Review Manager 5.0.25 of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Significant differences in HbA1c were found (weighted mean difference –0.21%, 95% CI –0.40 to –0.02; p = 0.03), favouring the high MUFA groups. In contrast, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin as well as the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were not affected by the amounts of MUFA in the dietary protocols. Conclusions: In summary, this systematic review found that high MUFA diets appear to be effective in reducing HbA1c, and therefore, should be recommended in the dietary regimes of T2D.

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Dietary Fats and the Diabetic Patient

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence of health benefits of canola oil

Evidence of health benefits of canola oil

Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes

Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Glycaemic Control in Patients with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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