Dietary Fats and the Gut Microbiota: Their impacts on lipid-induced metabolic syndrome

Basak, Sanjay; Banerjee, Antara; Pathak, Surajit; Duttaroy, Asim K.

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.105026

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Accumulating studies have reported that gut microbiota acts as a crucial modulator of fat storage, glucose, and energy metabolism ( 12 , 13 ). Currently, there is evidence that gut microbiota plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM ( 10 – 12 , 17 , 18 , 31 ), although many factors such as genetics and environment-related factors, including diets, lifestyle changes, geographical location, and migration, can shape the human gut microbiota community ( 19 – 25 ), leading to microbiota dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is associated with metabolic disorders ( 12 , 13 , 15 , 16 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the immense contributions of gut flora in multiple disorders, gut microbiota characteristics in healthy Chinese and Africans are poorly understood. It has been suggested that the gut microbiota can involve in the modulation of host energy metabolism, fat storage, glucose control, and insulin sensitivity by regulating certain factors such as fats, lipids, bile acids, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) that participate in metabolic pathways of glucose metabolism ( 12 , 17 , 18 ). Current studies have highlighted gut microbiota as a new therapeutic target to improve metabolic health ( 12 ), although many factors (e.g., diets, lifestyle changes, urbanization, environmental conditions, and genetic factors) have been reported to shape the gut microbiota community ( 19 – 25 ), making it difficult to perform vital functions like nutrition, physiology, metabolism, and immune function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota is associated with differential metabolic characteristics: A study on a defined cohort of Africans and Chinese

Nizigiyimana

Xu²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveThis study intended to determine the associations between gut microbiota and glucose response in healthy individuals and analyze the connection between the gut microbiome and glucose-metabolism-related parameters.MethodsFecal bacterial composition and anthropometric, body composition, body fat distribution, and biochemical measures were analyzed. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given to each participant to investigate changes in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose. The whole body fat and the regions of interest of local body composition were analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and gut microbiota composition was assessed through variable regions (V3–V4) of the bacterial 16s ribosomal RNA gene using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between gut microbiota and clinical and metabolic changes.ResultsThe number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) demonstrated a reduction in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota associated with enhanced adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. The alpha diversity revealed that microbiota diversity, richness, and composition were higher in the African group and lower in the Chinese group. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots of beta diversity showed significant variability in gut microbial community structure between the two groups (p = 0.0009). LEfSe analysis showed that phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly more abundant in the Chinese group, and this group also harbored members of the order Bacteroidales, family Bacteroidaceae, and genus Bacteroides. In contrast, the phylum Verrucomicrobia was significantly more prevalent in the African group (all p < 0.05). Concerning species, metastats analysis revealed 8 species in the Chinese group and 18 species in the African group that were significantly abundant. Spearman’s correlation analysis demonstrated that gut microbiota correlated with the factors that related to glucose metabolism.ConclusionOur data suggest that there is an interaction between gut microbiota, host physiology, and glucometabolic pathways, and this could contribute to adiposity and pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. These findings provide an important basis for determining the relation between the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota is associated with differential metabolic characteristics: A study on a defined cohort of Africans and Chinese

Nizigiyimana

Xu²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Введение в рацион пребиотиков и пробиотиков может снизить гиперхолестеринемию при воспалении кишечника, уровень глюкозы натощак, инсулина плазмы натощак и HOMA-I, восстановить целостность кишечного барьера и улучшить иммунную защиту, таким образом, положительно регулируя метаболический баланс и способствуя контролю массы телаа [76]. Дополнительное введение ω-3 жирных кислот, олигосахаридов в комплексе с пробиотиками и пребиотиками оказывает благотворное влияние на модулирование микробиоты кишечника и нормализацию провоспалительного состояния [77][78][79]. Также и применение растительных флавоноидов может снижать синтез липидов в печени и воспаление за счет модулирования кишечной микробиоты, связанной с фекальной масляной кислотой, и защиты барьерной функции кишечника [80].…”

Section: микрофлора кишечника и метаболический синдромunclassified

Nutrition and the state of the intestinal microflora in the formation of the metabolic syndrome

Patrakeeva

Shtaborov

2022

Obes. metabol.

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The literature review presents the results of modern studies of the relationship between diet and intestinal microbiota in the regulation of metabolic disorders. Metabolic syndrome, which is a symptom complex that combines abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension, remains an important problem, being a risk factor for cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, oncological diseases and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome has not yet been fully elucidated, it is known that visceral obesity and its associated complications, such as dyslipidemia and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, play a central role. The article presents data on the impact of the consumption of certain food products, the inclusion of plant biologically active substances (flavonoids, polyphenols, etc.) in the diet, as well as the use of elimination diets with the exclusion of carbohydrates or fats from the diet, on reducing the risk of cardiovascular accidents, levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, leptin, insulin, reduction in body weight and waist circumference, reduction in the level of circulating endotoxins and changes in the activity of immunocompetent cells. Data are presented on the possible influence of the intestinal microbiota in maintaining inflammation and the formation of degenerative changes in the body. The role of changes in the ratio of the levels of pathogenic microflora, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the formation of a pathological condition is shown.

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“…Meanwhile, eating high-calorie foods can reduce microbial diversity and richness in the gut (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) which could affect the different signals from the gastrointestinal tract by misregulating the release of peptides (50) or other metabolites and hormonal afferents. For instance, high-fat diets have been found to change fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations (51,52) that may impact ghrelin-related signaling (50,53) or lipid metabolism (54). In addition, diets with added sugar reduced GLP-1 serum levels in a clinical trial by Jones, Luo (55).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Impact of Microbiome-Changing Interventions on Food Decision-Making: MIFOOD Study Protocol

Vartanian,

Endres,

Lee

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Method: This study uses a parallel arm RCT design with a 26-week intervention period. We plan to enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living with overweight or obesity, defined as either a Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) or a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Key inclusion criteria are 18-60 years of age and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disease, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The interventions comprise either a daily supplementary intake of 30g soluble fiber (inulin), or weekly neurocognitive behavioral group sessions, compared to placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline and follow-up, food decision-making is assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, eating habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mood. Further, we obtain fecal and blood samples to investigate gut microbiome composition and related metabolites. Discussion: This study relies on expanding research suggesting that dietary prebiotics could improve gut microbiome composition, leading to beneficial effects on gut-brain signaling and higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. In addition, microbiome, and gut-brain-axis-related mediating mechanisms remain unclear. The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess the effects of these gut-brain-related processes influencing food decision-making in overweight and obesity. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered on 29 April 2022.

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Dietary Fats and the Gut Microbiota: Their impacts on lipid-induced metabolic syndrome

Cited by 24 publications

References 236 publications

Gut microbiota is associated with differential metabolic characteristics: A study on a defined cohort of Africans and Chinese

Gut microbiota is associated with differential metabolic characteristics: A study on a defined cohort of Africans and Chinese

Nutrition and the state of the intestinal microflora in the formation of the metabolic syndrome

Investigating the Impact of Microbiome-Changing Interventions on Food Decision-Making: MIFOOD Study Protocol

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