Dietary fatty acid thresholds and cholesterolemia

Hayes, K. C.; Khosla, Pramod

doi:10.1096/fasebj.6.8.1592210

Cited by 211 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In humans and several animal models LDL cholesterol levels have been found to be increased by dietary saturated fatty acids, predominantly through modulation of LDL production and LDL clearance [59][60][61]. While the mechanisms for this regulation are still unclear, it has been suggested to involve alterations of a regulatory pool of unesterified cholesterol [59] and abundance of the LDL receptor [62].…”

Section: The Role Of Scd1 In Lipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism

Flowers

Ntambi

2008

Current Opinion in Lipidology

382

312

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Purpose of review-Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 is a δ-9 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and has emerged as a key regulator of metabolism. This review evaluates the latest advances in our understanding of the pivotal role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 in health and disease.Recent findings-scd1-deficient mice have reduced lipid synthesis and enhanced lipid oxidation, thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissue due to transcriptional and posttranscriptional effects. These metabolic changes protect scd1-deficient mice from a variety of dietary, pharmacological and genetic conditions that promote obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase 1 is required to guard against dietary unsaturated fat deficiency, leptin deficiency-induced diabetes, and palmitate-induced lipotoxic insults in muscle and pancreatic β-cells. Paradoxical observations of increased muscle stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 during obesity, starvation and exercise raise questions as to the role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 in this tissue. Mice with a liverspecific loss of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1, and inhibition of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 via antisense or RNA interference, recapitulate only a subset of the phenotypes observed in global Scd1 deficiency, indicating the involvement of multiple tissues.Summary-Recent studies in humans and animal models have highlighted that modulation of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 activity by dietary intervention or genetic manipulation strongly influences several facets of energy metabolism to affect susceptibility to obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

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Section: The Role Of Scd1 In Lipoprotein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism

Flowers

Ntambi

2008

Current Opinion in Lipidology

382

312

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Amongst saturated fatty acids, myristic acid is generally considered to induce the most important increase in plasma cholesterol, specially in the LDL-cholesterol level [13,14,46]. In most of the studies, which led to this conclusion, myristic acid represented a very high percentage of the total dietary energy: 16% in humans [21] or 16% [35] to 20% [46] in hamsters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing amounts of dietary myristic acid modify the plasma cholesterol level and hepatic mass of Scavenger receptor BI without affecting bile acid biosynthesis in hamsters

Loison

Mendy²,

Sérougne

et al. 2002

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of increasing amounts of dietary myristic acid (0.03 to 4.2% of the total dietary energy) on the plasma and hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Six groups of hamsters received semi-purified diets containing 0.05% cholesterol and 12.5% lipids and differing only by the nature of the triglycerides (Safflower oil, lard, lard/coconut oil (1:1), milk fat, milk fat/coconut oil (1:1), coconut oil) for 3 weeks. A positive regression between the plasma cholesterol level and the dietary myristic acid level was observed (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001). However, it is noteworthy that the increase in plasma total cholesterol only reflects an increase in the level of HDL-cholesterol. In parallel, the mass SR-BI decreased linearly with the increased level of myristic acid in the diet, whereas the LDL-R did not change. This study shows that increasing amounts of myristic acid (0.03 to 4.2%) do not alter the cholesterol or bile acid metabolism and increase only the HDL-C. myristic acid / cholesterol / LDL receptor / SR-B1 / hamsterRésumé -Des doses croissantes d'acide myristique dans l'alimentation modifient la concentration plasmatique du cholestérol et la quantité de SR-BI, sans affecter la biosynthèse des acides biliaires chez le hamster. Le but de cette étude était d'analyser les effets de doses croissantes d'acide myristique (0,03 à 4,2 % de l'apport énergétique total) sur le métabolisme plasmatique et hépatique du cholestérol. Six groupes de hamsters ont reçu des régimes semi-synthétiques contenant 0,05 % de cholestérol et 12,5 % de lipides (carthame, saindoux, saindoux/huile de coco (1:1),

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“…Myristic acid, often considered the most cholesterolemic saturated fatty acid in both human and animal studies (Hegsted et al, 1995;Hayes & Khosla, 1992), is not the major saturated fatty acid in any commonly consumed natural fat or oil (USDA, 1979). One must feed a synthetic triglyceride to obtain a diet in which myristate is the major saturated fatty acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of synthetic triglycerides of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid on serum lipoprotein metabolism

et al. 1999

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Objectives: To determine relative effects of diets high in synthetic sources of myristic (14:0), palmitic (16:0) or stearic (18:0) acid on concentrations and metabolism of serum lipoproteins. Design: Eighteen healthy women participated in a three-way cross-over study for ®ve week periods separated by seven week washout periods, diets were assigned in random order. Subjects: Premenopausal women, not on medication, were from three races (Caucasian, African-American, Asian) and four apolipoprotein E phenotype groups (3a3, 3a2, 4a3, and 4a2). Intervention: During the ®rst week the subjects consumed a baseline diet providing 11 energy (en)% saturated fat, 10 en% polyunsaturated fat and 14 en% monounsaturated fat. Followed by test diets with 19 en% saturated fat (including 14 en% test saturated fatty acid), 3 en% polyunsaturated fat, and 14 en% monounsaturated fat for four weeks. Synthetic fats (trimyristin, tripalmitin, and tristearin) were used in blends with natural fats and oils. Results: Mean concentrations of serum total, esteri®ed and LDL cholesterol were signi®cantly lower after 18:0 than after 16:0 (n 16 ± 18, P`0.01 for treatment effect). Myristic acid (14:0) had an intermediate effect.Receptor-mediated degradation of 125 I-LDL in mononuclear cells obtained from the subjects was lower after 16:0 than after 14:0 and 18:0 (n 16 ± 18, P 0.05 for treatment effect). Differences in the digestibilities of the fats were not a major factor in the results. Strong cholesterolemic responses to the 16:0 diet were partly explained by apoE phenotype. Conclusions: As noted previously, stearic acid was neutral compared to 14:0 and 16:0. In contrast to studies involving natural fats, 14:0, fed as a synthetic triglyceride, was less cholesterolemic than 16:0 in a majority of subjects. ApoE phenotype in¯uenced the cholesterolemic response particularly when diets high in 16:0 were eaten.

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Dietary fatty acid thresholds and cholesterolemia

Cited by 211 publications

References 3 publications

Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism

Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism

Increasing amounts of dietary myristic acid modify the plasma cholesterol level and hepatic mass of Scavenger receptor BI without affecting bile acid biosynthesis in hamsters

Effect of synthetic triglycerides of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid on serum lipoprotein metabolism

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