Dietary Fermentable Fibers Attenuate Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier

Hung, Tran Van; Suzuki, Takuya

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy008

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Multiple aspects of mucus and epithelial barrier integrity were enhanced (Monk et al, 2017). Similarly, feeding fermentable dietary fibre to mice increased faecal SCFA and protected the colonic barrier by increased expression of TJ proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2, occluding, junctional adhesion molecule A (JAMA) and claudin-7) (Hung and Suzuki, 2018). When genetically obese mice (ob/ob) were fed a prebiotic-enriched diet, intestinal permeability was reduced and tight-junction integrity (expression of ZO-1 and occludin) was increased.…”

Section: Short Chain Fatty Acids Gut Permeability and Tight Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health

et al. 2020

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Evidence is accumulating that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in the maintenance of gut and metabolic health. The SCFA acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced from the microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates and appear to be key mediators of the beneficial effects elicited by the gut microbiome. Microbial SCFA production is essential for gut integrity by regulating the luminal pH, mucus production, providing fuel for epithelial cells and effects on mucosal immune function. SCFA also directly modulate host metabolic health through a range of tissue-specific mechanisms related to appetite regulation, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and immunomodulation. Therefore, an increased microbial SCFA production can be considered as a health benefit, but data are mainly based on animal studies, whereas well-controlled human studies are limited. In this review an expert group by ILSI Europe’s Prebiotics Task Force discussed the current scientific knowledge on SCFA to consider the relationship between SCFA and gut and metabolic health with a particular focus on human evidence. Overall, the available mechanistic data and limited human data on the metabolic consequences of elevated gut-derived SCFA production strongly suggest that increasing SCFA production could be a valuable strategy in the preventing gastro-intestinal dysfunction, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for well controlled longer term human SCFA intervention studies, including measurement of SCFA fluxes and kinetics, the heterogeneity in response based on metabolic phenotype, the type of dietary fibre and fermentation site in fibre intervention studies and the control for factors that could shape the microbiome like diet, physical activity and use of medication.

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Section: Short Chain Fatty Acids Gut Permeability and Tight Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health

et al. 2020

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“…Fecal levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate are increased following dietary fiber fermentation by gut bacteria [36], and accordingly, fiber-based interventions would be expected to positively affect the kidney-gut-muscle axis in animal models of ESRD. In support of this, fecal SCFAs are increased, renal and intestinal barrier function are improved, and circulating levels of urea and PCS are decreased in response to dietary fiber supplementation [23,37]. Although Van Hung et al and Yang et al [23,37] did not evaluate the effect of dietary fiber on intestinal Enterobacteriaceae abundance or on skeletal muscle, alternatively, intramuscular lipid content was reduced in conjunction with decreased circulating levels of PCS in response to dietary fiber supplementation with arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) [19].…”

Section: Gut-derived Uremic Metabolites Negatively Affect Skeletal Mumentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In support of this, fecal SCFAs are increased, renal and intestinal barrier function are improved, and circulating levels of urea and PCS are decreased in response to dietary fiber supplementation [23,37]. Although Van Hung et al and Yang et al [23,37] did not evaluate the effect of dietary fiber on intestinal Enterobacteriaceae abundance or on skeletal muscle, alternatively, intramuscular lipid content was reduced in conjunction with decreased circulating levels of PCS in response to dietary fiber supplementation with arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) [19]. SCFAs were not quantified in Koppe et al [19], but fecal levels of butyrate, and the sum of acetate, propionate, and butyrate are increased in response to AXOS feeding [38,39].…”

Section: Gut-derived Uremic Metabolites Negatively Affect Skeletal Mumentioning

confidence: 90%

“…1.2. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Positively Affect the Kidney-Gut-Muscle Axis, but Are Reduced in ESRD Alternatively, fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate are reduced in a mouse model of ESRD and in human ESRD patients [22,23], an important finding because SCFAs positively affect each component of the kidney-gut-muscle axis. Propionate and butyrate are exclusively gut microbiome-derived metabolites, as they are not found in germ-free mice [24], whereas acetate is produced by humans and bacteria.…”

Section: Gut-derived Uremic Metabolites Negatively Affect Skeletal Mumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Kidney–Gut–Muscle Axis in End-Stage Renal Disease is Similarly Represented in Older Adults

Lustgarten

2019

Nutrients

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Decreased renal function, elevated circulating levels of urea, intestinal levels of urea-degrading bacteria, and gut-derived uremic metabolites are present in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a cohort that has reduced muscle mass and physical function, and poor muscle composition. This phenotype, defined as the kidney–gut–muscle axis, is similarly represented in older adults that do not have ESRD. The purpose of this short communication is to illuminate these findings, and to propose a strategy that can positively impact the kidney–gut–muscle axis. For example, dietary fiber is fermented by intestinal bacteria, thereby producing the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which affect each component of the kidney–gut–muscle axis. Accordingly, a high-fiber diet may be an important approach for improving the kidney–gut–muscle axis in ESRD and in older adults that do not have ESRD.

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“…Moreover, as CKD progresses, the accumulation of uremic toxins in CKD patients causes renal injury and fibrosis [ 19 ]. Recently, it was reported that CKD profoundly changes the intestinal microbial flora [ 20 ], leading to a suggestion that intervention for the gut microbiota derangements with probiotics and/or dietary fibers may be useful for decreasing the uremic toxin production and improve renal function [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease

Nagayama

Iso-O

Nakashima³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Paramylon is a novel β-glucan that is stored by Euglena gracilis Z , which is a unicellular photosynthesizing green alga with characteristics of both animals and plants. Recent studies have indicated that paramylon functions as an immunomodulator or a dietary fiber. Currently, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, and there is no effective preventive treatment for CKD progression. However, paramylon may suppress the progression of CKD via the elimination of uremic toxins or modulation of gut microbiota, leading to the alleviation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paramylon in CKD rat model. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats with a 5/6 nephrectomy were given either a normal diet or a diet containing 5% paramylon for 8 weeks. Proteinuria was measured intermittently. Serum and kidney tissues were harvested after sacrifice. We performed a renal molecular and histopathological investigation, serum metabolome analysis, and gut microbiome analysis. The results showed that paramylon attenuated renal function, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and podocyte injury in the CKD rat model. Renal fibrosis, tubulointerstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression levels tended to be suppressed with paramylon treatment. Further, paramylon inhibited the accumulation of uremic toxins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related metabolites and modulated a part of CKD-related gut microbiota in the CKD rat model. In conclusion, we suggest that paramylon mainly inhibited the absorption of non-microbiota-derived uremic solutes, leading to protect renal injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Paramylon may be a novel compound that can act against CKD progression.

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Dietary Fermentable Fibers Attenuate Chronic Kidney Disease in Mice by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier

Abstract: Supplemental feeding with fermentable DFs, such as GG and PHGG, might be effective for the prevention or management of CKD by restoring colonic barrier integrity and microflora composition, as shown in mice.

Cited by 56 publications

References 40 publications

Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health

Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health

The Kidney–Gut–Muscle Axis in End-Stage Renal Disease is Similarly Represented in Older Adults

Renoprotective effects of paramylon, a β-1,3-D-Glucan isolated from Euglena gracilis Z in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease

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