Dietary fiber and cardiovascular disease: Experimental and epidemiologic advances

Abstract

Recently reported experimental studies offer insight into the various mechanisms through which dietary fiber may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. Although most work has focused on traditional risk factors, studies have begun to explore less studied areas of risk such as fibrinolysis. Epidemiologic results have consistently demonstrated inverse associations between dietary fiber, particularly cereal fiber and whole grain foods, and the development of CVD morbidity and mortality. These associations have been observed in both men and women and are not accounted for by potential confounders such as other dietary and lifestyle factors; nor can they be fully explained by body habitus, antioxidants, and other nutrients found in fiber-rich foods. The evidence to date supports clear recommendations for a diet based on fiber-rich foods.

Dietary fiber intake in relation to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality over 40 y: the Zutphen Study

“…Several mechanisms have been proposed by which dietary fiber may reduce CHD mortality risk (16). Soluble fibers increase the rate of bile acid excretion by binding bile acids in the small intestine, thereby reducing serum total and LDL cholesterol (43)(44)(45).…”

Dietary fiber intake and retinal vascular caliber in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

“…The underlying mechanisms of the effect of dietary fiber on the cardiovascular system remain poorly understood, although previous studies have shown that fiber intake can affect blood pressure, systemic inflammation, serum lipid concentrations, postprandial absorption of carbohydrates, insulin sensitivity, fibrinolysis, coagulation, and endothelial cell function (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Proximate and microbiological compositions of some foods and vegetable from food vendors at Lagos street in Benin city

“…The fiber content is beneficial as fiber in food helps eliminate bile acids, lower body cholesterol and creates variation in feacal bulk and transit time [16]. High fiber diet intake prevents diet related diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer of the colon and diabetes [25]. Diet with high fiber content have been used for weight control and fat reduction as it provides satiety and thereby reduces the amount of energy given food that would be consumed [26].…”