Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiota in Renal Diets

Camerotto, Carla; Cupisti, Adamasco; Muzio, Fulvio; Gallieni, Maurizio

doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0216.v1

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The bulking effect of dietary fiber is important for colonic health and gut motility. Dietary fiber leads to uremic toxin excretion by increasing stool output ( 42 ), secondary to increased proteolytic activities by protein fermenting bacteria ( 43 ). A systemic review including 203 patients with CKD from seven reports showed that dietary fiber reduced p-cresyl sulfate, thereby protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier of patients with CKD ( 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle Aged and Elderly Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

et al. 2022

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Background and AimsDespite accumulating evidence on the benefits of dietary fiber in the general population, there is a lack of representative data on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the role of dietary fiber intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD using representative Korean cohort data.MethodsThe study included 3,892 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Mortality status was followed by data linkage with national data sources. Nutritional status was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary fiber was categorized into quintiles (Q). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsThe average daily fiber intake of patients with CKD was 5.1 g/day. During the 10.1-year follow-up period, 602 (149 cardiovascular) deaths were documented. The HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile compared with that in the lowest quintile was 0.63 (0.46–0.87) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, total calorie intake, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (P = 0.005). The HR (95% CI) for cardiovascular mortality in the highest quintile compared with that in the lowest quintile was 0.56 (0.29–1.08) after adjusting for same confounders (P = 0.082).ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Small increments in fiber intake reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 37%. This finding highlights the need for inexpensive but important dietary modification strategies for encouraging fiber intake in the Korean CKD population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle Aged and Elderly Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, it reduces the number of patients in the need of kidney replacement (Garneata et al, 2016). Thus, the nutritional approach to many renal diseases is protein restriction associated with adequate energy supply to prevent malnutrition (Camerotto et al, 2019).…”

Section: Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiber intake can be beneficial for chronic renal diseases, with activities towards gut microbiota (Camerotto et al, 2019). A study considered the dietary intake of carbohydrates, sugar, starch, cereal, vegetable, and fruit fiber, with the onset of chronic kidney disease.…”

Section: Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: Role on mesangial cell metabolism and inflammation

Luvizotto

Menezes-Silva

Woronik

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the commonest primary glomerular disease around the world and represents a significant cause of end-stage renal disease. IgAN is characterized by mesangial deposition of IgA-immune complexes and mesangial expansion. The pathophysiological process includes an abnormally glycosylated IgA1, which is an antigenic target. Autoantibodies specifically recognize galactose-deficient IgA1 forming immune complexes that are amplified in size by the soluble IgA Fc receptor CD89 leading to deposition in the mesangium through interaction with non-classical IgA receptors. The local production of cytokines promotes local inflammation and complement system activation, besides the stimulation of mesangial proliferation. The spectrum of clinical manifestations is quite variable from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Despite all the advances, the pathophysiology of the disease is still not fully elucidated. The mucosal immune system is quoted to be a factor in triggering IgAN and a “gut-kidney axis” is proposed in its development. Furthermore, many recent studies have demonstrated that food intake interferes directly with disease prognosis. In this review, we will discuss how mucosal immunity, microbiota, and nutritional status could be interfering directly with the activation of intrinsic pathways of the mesangial cells, directly resulting in changes in their function, inflammation and development of IgAN.

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Innovative Treatments to Counteract Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Marrone,

Cornali,

Di Lauro

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, several risk factors contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED), which can be described as an alteration in the cell structure or in the function of the endothelium. Among the well-known CKD-related risk factors capable of altering the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, we include asymmetric dimethylarginine increase, reduced dimethylarginine dimethylamine hydrolase enzyme activity, low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, alteration of calcium phosphorus metabolism, and early aging. In this review, we also examined the most important techniques useful for studying ED in humans, which are divided into indirect and direct methods. The direct study of coronary endothelial function is considered the gold standard technique to evaluate if ED is present. In addition to the discussion of the main pharmacological treatments useful to counteract ED in CKD patients (namely sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist), we elucidate innovative non-pharmacological treatments that are successful in accompanying the pharmacological ones. Among them, the most important are the consumption of extra virgin olive oil with high intake of minor polar compounds, adherence to a plant-dominant, low-protein diet (LPD), an adaptive physical activity program and, finally, ketoanalogue administration in combination with the LPD or the very low-protein diet.

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Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiota in Renal Diets

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle Aged and Elderly Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle Aged and Elderly Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

Gut-kidney axis in IgA nephropathy: Role on mesangial cell metabolism and inflammation

Innovative Treatments to Counteract Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

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