Dietary Fiber and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals

Jha, Rajesh; Fouhse, Janelle M; Tiwari, Utsav P.; Li, Linge; Willing, Benjamin P.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00048

Cited by 249 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Inulin and chicory root exhibited fast and intense fermentation patterns with the highest cumulative gas productions (A) and rate of fermentation (R MAX ) and the lowest time to half asymptote (B) and time to reach R MAX (T MAX ). Chicory root, with a higher ratio of soluble to insoluble polysaccharides and the soluble fraction being mainly composed of fructans, is highly fermentable and therefore is more likely to be fermented at the end of the small intestine (55) . Chicory pulp displayed slower fermentation kinetics which is related to its high insoluble fibre content (high NDF and ADF levels) and its low amount in fructans, mainly composed of polysaccharides with high polymerisation degree (30) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroprebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets

et al. 2019

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The inclusion of fibre-rich ingredients in diets is one possible strategy to enhance intestinal fermentation and positively impact gut ecology, barrier and immunity. Nowadays, inulin-type fructans are used as prebiotics in the feed of piglets to manipulate gut ecology for health purposes. Likewise, some by-products could be considered as sustainable and inexpensive ingredients to reduce gut disorders at weaning. In the present study, chicory root and pulp, citrus pulp, rye bran and soya hulls were tested in a three-step in vitro model of the piglet’s gastro-intestinal tract combining a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (digestion), a dialysis step using cellulose membranes (absorption) and a colonic batch fermentation (fermentation). The fermentation kinetics, SCFA and microbiota profiles in the fermentation broth were assessed as indicators of prebiotic activity and compared with the ones of inulin. The immunomodulatory effects of fermentation supernatant (FS) were investigated in cultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Chicory root displayed a rapid and extensive fermentation and induced the second highest butyrate ratio after inulin. Citrus pulp demonstrated high acetate ratios and induced elevated Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa levels. Chicory root and pulp FS promoted the intestinal barrier integrity with up-regulated tight and adherens junction gene expressions in comparison with inulin FS. Chicory pulp FS exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cultured IPEC-J2. The novel approach combining an in vitro fermentation model with IPEC-J2 cells highlighted that both chicory root and pulp appear to be promising ingredients and should be considered to promote intestinal health at weaning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroprebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, seaweed polysaccharides are atypical in structure to terrestrial glycans, and were found to resist gastric acidity, host digestive enzymes, and GI absorption [347]. Maternal seaweed extract supplementation can reduce both sow fecal Enterobacteriaceae populations at parturition and piglet E. coli populations at weaning [348]. Also, seaweeds are good source of prebiotics that improve intestinal microbiota and may exert positive effects on IBD and IBS [349,350].…”

Section: Alimentary Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweeds: An Extensive Review of Medicinal Values

Mohiuddin¹

2019

APCT

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The global economic impact of the five leading chronic diseases-cancer, diabetes, mental illness, CVD, and respiratory disease-could reach $47 trillion over the next 20 years, according to a study by the World Economic Forum (WEF). According to the WHO, 80% of the world's population primarily those of developing countries rely on plant-derived medicines for the healthcare. The purported efficacies of seaweed derived phytochemicals showing great potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and some cancers. Therefore, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have shown a growing interest in this unconventional food with health-promoting effects. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain several bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and pigments, all of which may have beneficial health properties. People consume seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood as well as advancing their lives. In 2005, world seaweed production was totaled 14.7 million tons which more than double (30.4 million tons) in 2015. The present market value is nearly $6.5 billion and projected to reach some $9 billion seaweed global market by 2024. Aquaculture is recognized as the most sustainable means of seaweed production and accounts for approximately 27.3 million tons (more than 90%) of global seaweed production per annum. Asian countries produced 80% for world markets where China alone produces half of the total demand. The top six seaweed producing countries are China,

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“…The situation has necessitated finding alternatives to AGP for healthy animal production. Different alternatives to AGP, including oligosaccharides and polysaccharides as prebiotics, have been evaluated with some success ( Jha et al., 2019a ; Yadav and Jha, 2019 ). These options are sought to maintain or improve the gut health of animals, as is essential for optimum growth, better feed efficiency, and overall health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These options are sought to maintain or improve the gut health of animals, as is essential for optimum growth, better feed efficiency, and overall health. Emerging evidence indicates that there is a close relationship between intestinal microbiota and nutrition utilization ( Jha et al., 2019a ), which in turn affect the overall performance and health of animals ( Jha and Berrocoso, 2016 ). Intestinal microbiota can be manipulated by nutrition programming in poultry, during both the prehatch and posthatch period of life ( Jha et al., 2019b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In ovo supplementation of chitooligosaccharide and chlorella polysaccharide affects cecal microbial community, metabolic pathways, and fermentation metabolites in broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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The chitooligosaccharide ( COS ) and chlorella polysaccharide ( CPS ) have been used as feed supplements in the poultry industry for improving growth performance and immunity. However, the benefits of these prebiotics on the gut health of chickens when used in early nutrition are unknown. This study evaluated the effects of in ovo feeding of COS and CPS on the cecal microbiome, metabolic pathways, and fermentation metabolites of chickens. A total of 240 fertile eggs were divided into 6 groups (n = 4; 10 eggs/replicate): 1) no-injection control, 2) normal saline control, 3) COS 5 mg, 4) COS 20 mg, 5) CPS 5 mg, and 6) CPS 20 mg injection. On day 12.5 of egg incubation, test substrate was injected into the amniotic sac of eggs in respective treatments. The hatched chicks were raised for 21 D under standard husbandry practices. On day 3 and 21, cecal digesta were collected to determine microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and short-chain fatty acids by gas chromatography. The cecal microbial composition was not different ( P > 0.05) among the treatment groups on day 3 but was different ( P < 0.05) on day 21. At the species level, the polysaccharide-utilizing bacteria including Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bacteroides coprocola , and Bacteroides salanitronis were higher in the COS group, whereas the relative abundance of some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were lower than those in the CPS and control groups. At the functional level, the pathways of gluconeogenesis, L-isoleucine degradation, L-histidine biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis were enriched in the COS group. In addition, propionic acid content was higher ( P < 0.05) in the COS group. A network based on the correlation between the COS and other factors was constructed to illuminate the potential action mechanism of the COS in chicken early nutrition. In conclusion, in ovo inoculation of COS 5 mg showed positive effects on the cecal microbiota, metabolic pathways, and propionic acid, thus can be used as in ovo feeding to modulate the gut health of chickens.

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Dietary Fiber and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals

Cited by 249 publications

References 102 publications

In vitroprebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets

In vitroprebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets

Seaweeds: An Extensive Review of Medicinal Values

In ovo supplementation of chitooligosaccharide and chlorella polysaccharide affects cecal microbial community, metabolic pathways, and fermentation metabolites in broiler chickens

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