Dietary Fiber Influences Bacterial Community Assembly Processes in the Gut Microbiota of Durco × Bamei Crossbred Pig

Abstract

Several studies have shown that dietary fiber can significantly alter the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community in humans and mammals. However, few researches have been conducted on the dynamics of the bacterial community assembly across different graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions. To address this, 24 Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four experimental chows comprising graded levels of dietary fiber. Results showed that the α-and β-diversity of the bacterial community was significantly different between the cecum and the jejunum. Adding fiber to the chow significantly increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community in the jejunum and cecum, while the β-diversity decreased. The complexity of the bacterial network increased with the increase of dietary fiber in jejunal content samples, while it decreased in cecal content samples. Furthermore, we found that stochastic processes governed the bacterial community assembly of low and medium dietary fiber groups of jejunal content samples, while deterministic processes dominated the high fiber group. In addition, deterministic processes dominated all cecal content samples. Taken together, the variation of gut community composition and structure in response to dietary fiber was distinct in different gut regions, and the dynamics of bacterial community assembly across the graded levels of dietary fiber in different gut regions was also distinct. These findings enhanced our knowledge on the bacterial community assembly processes in gut ecosystems of livestock.

Selective Maternal Seeding and Rearing Environment From Birth to Weaning Shape the Developing Piglet Gut Microbiome

“…The dramatic changes in the gut microbial communities and the function of such changes in piglets early in life were observed in our study, and the results were in agreement with those of a previous study ( Frese et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Jurburg and Bossers, 2021 ; Tang et al, 2021 ). With the growth of piglets, the gut microbiota increased in complexity, which is reflected in the increase in microbial richness and evenness.…”

“…However, the potential factors affecting the gut microbiota maturity of newborn piglets still require further study. The capacity for carbohydrate digestion was enhanced, which is consistent with previous studies ( Chu et al, 2017 ; Tang et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, the predicted significant increase in the relative abundances of KEGG pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, especially lysine biosynthesis, further support the enhanced capacity of protein digestion and absorption as the piglets aged.…”

Seasonal variations in the gut microbiota of white-headed black langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in a limestone forest in Southwest Guangxi, China

“…We predict that white-headed black langurs will have an increased abundance of microbiota taxa associated with cellulose digesting ability in the dry season and will colonize more taxa associated with carbohydrate digestion in the rainy season. (3) High habitat fragmentation limits the food resources of whiteheaded black langurs and could increase the importance of environmental factors in community assembly (Burns et al, 2016;Ning et al, 2019;Tang et al, 2021;. We predict that the value of R 2 based on NCM will be less than 0.5, indicating that the gut microbiota assembly of the langurs will be dominated by deterministic processes.…”

“…Furthermore, leaves have lower nutrients and more secondary metabolites than sugar-rich fruits (Que et al, 2022). Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced nutritional levels intensify competition among bacterial taxa, leading to an intensification of deterministic processes (Ning et al, 2019;Tang et al, 2021). For instance, the gut microbial assembly in the jejunum of Duroc × Bamei pigs shifted to deterministic process dominance due to the addition of dietary fiber in the diet (Tang et al, 2021).…”

Maintenance of gut microbiome stability for optimum intestinal health in pigs – a review

“…The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Turicibacter increased with high dietary fiber in cecum and jejunum respectively resulting in alteration of concentration of their metabolites such as bile acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugate, and organic acids which may potentially influence nutrition absorption [ 107 ]. Tang et al [ 108 ] suggested that adding fibers (Broad bean straw silage) to the basal diet significantly increased the α-diversity of the bacterial community in the jejunum and cecum, while the β-diversity decreased of Durco × Bamei crossbred pigs. Consequently, among the most abundant bacterial genera in the cecum, the relative abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae and Oscillibacter increased with the increase in dietary fiber, while the richness of Romboutsia, Intestinibacter , and Faecalibacterium , decreased with the increase in dietary fiber.…”