Dietary Fish Oil and Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) Synergistically Decrease Rat Serum and Liver Triacylglycerol

Abstract

Japanese eating habits are characterized by the consumption of various food materials such as cereals, vegetables, fish, shellfish, marine algae and meat. Therefore, properties of functional substances in food materials may be enhanced or lessened by the combination of various food materials. In the present study, we examined how the combination of wakame and fish containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are typical Japanese food materials, affected rat lipid metabolism. Rats were fed one of four diets [control diet (C), AIN-76 diet with 5 g/100 g rapeseed oil; wakame diet (W) containing 19.1 g/100 g Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) dried powder in the C diet; fish oil diet (FO), AIN-76 diet with 4.1 g/100 g fish oil; wakame-fish oil diet (W + FO), the FO diet containing 19.1 g/100 g dried wakame powder] for 4 wk. We measured the concentration of lipids in serum and liver and hepatic activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism. The W diet, FO diet and W + FO diet significantly reduced the concentration of triacylglycerols in the serum and liver compared with the C diet. This decrease in the concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol was greatest in rats fed the W + FO diet. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis in the liver, of rats fed the W, FO and W + FO diets was lower than that in rats fed the C diet. However, the activities of malic enzyme and fatty acid synthetase did not differ among the four groups. In contrast, the W diet and W + FO diet increased the serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate. Further, the activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which is involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation in the liver, was greater in rats fed the W diet (42%), the FO diet (154%) and the W + FO diet (381%) than in those fed the C diet. Because the decrease in the concentration of triacylglycerol in the liver was greatest when rats were fed wakame and fish oil at the same time (W + FO diet), we conclude that there was a synergistic process affecting fatty acid beta-oxidation in the liver. These results suggest that the simultaneous consumption of fish (fish oil) and wakame decreases the concentration of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver.

Fucoxanthin Extractions of Brown Seaweeds and Analysis of Their Lipid Fraction in Methanol

“…Excessive amounts of n-6 PUFA and a very high n-6:n-3 ratio will promote the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune disease, whereas increased levels of n-3 PUFA (a low n6:n3 ratio) exert suppressive effects (Simopoulus, 2002). The intake of food rich in n-3 PUFA can have a positive influence on the composition of blood lipids and can therefore be used for the prevention of arteriosclerosis (Murata et al, 2002). terestingly, S. binderi and S. duplicatum from the off-shore of Malaysia also contained a small amount of the essential fatty acid C22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA).…”

Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of fucoxanthin on diet-induced obesity conditions in a murine model

“…Wakame is the most popular edible seaweed in Japan and korea, and contains various polysaccalides and proteins. These water soluble components have immune modulation and anti-hypertention activity (17), and are used as industrial food materials. residue after the extraction of these components contains abundant Wls, and can thus be used as a resource for functional food material.…”

Effect of Medium-chain Triacylglycerols on Anti-obesity Effect of Fucoxanthin

“…For the analysis of lipid metabolic enzyme activity, liver (ca. 300 mg) was homogenized with 7 volume of 0.25 mol/L sucrose and centrifuged at 500 g for 10 min 14) . The supernatant was used for analysis of Carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity according to the method described by Ide et al 15) .…”