Dietary Fish Oil Supplements Modify Ruminal Biohydrogenation, Alter the Flow of Fatty Acids at the Omasum, and Induce Changes in the Ruminal Butyrivibrio Population in Lactating Cows

Shingfield, Kevin J.; Kairenius, Piia; Ärölä, Anu; Paillard, Delphine; Muetzel, S.; Ahvenjärvi, Seppo; Vanhatalo, Aila; Huhtanen, Pekka; Toivonen, Vesa; Griinari, J. M.; Wallace, Robert John

doi:10.3945/jn.112.158576

Cited by 93 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…When low concentrations were added, up to 20% of the 22:6n-3 was recovered as 22:0 indicating that the mixed rumen population is capable of the reduction of all six double bonds. However, the absence of 22:0 formation when initial 22:6n-3 increased might indicate that the capacity of rumen microbial communities to reduce double bonds of long-chain PUFA in the rumen is limited (Shingfield et al, 2012). The appearance of 22:0 was only observed after long incubation times, indicating that the process is slow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of adsorbants on in vitro biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms

Vlaeminck

Jeyanathan

Thanh

et al. 2016

animal

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Studies on microbial biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen are of importance as this process lowers the availability of nutritionally beneficial unsaturated fatty acids for incorporation into meat and milk but also might result in the accumulation of biologically active intermediates. The impact was studied of adsorption of 22:6n-3 (DHA) to particulate material on its disappearance during 24 h in vitro batch incubations with rumen inoculum. Four adsorbants were used in two doses (1 and 5 mg/ml of mucin, gum arabic, bentonite or silicic acid). In addition, the distribution of 22:6n-3 in the pellet and supernatant of diluted rumen fluid was measured. Bentonite and silicic acid did not alter the distribution of 22:6n-3 between pellet and supernatant nor increased the disappearance of 22:6n-3 during the incubation. Both mucin and gum arabic increased the recovery of 22:6n-3 in the supernatant, indicating that these compounds lowered the adsorption of the fatty acid to ruminal particles. This was associated with an increased disappearance of 22:6n-3, when initial 22:6n-3 was 0.06 or 0.10 mg/ml, and an increased formation of 22:0, when initial 22:6n-3 was 0.02 mg/ml, during the 24 h batch culture experiment. Addition of gum arabic to pure cultures of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens or Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus did not negate the inhibitory effect of 22:6n-3 on growth. As both mucin and gum arabic provide fermentable substrate for ruminal bacteria, an additional experiment was performed in which mucin and gum arabic were replaced by equal amounts of starch, cellulose or xylan. No differences in disappearance of 22:6n-3 were observed, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of mucin and gum arabic on disappearance of 22:6n-3 most probably is not due to provision of an alternative site of adsorption but related to stimulation of bacterial growth. A relatively high proportion of 22:6n-3 can be reduced to 22:0 provided the initial concentration is low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of adsorbants on in vitro biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms

Vlaeminck

Jeyanathan

Thanh

et al. 2016

animal

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“…Further, higher proportions of C18:1 trans FA and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11, partly deriving from the rumen biohydrogenation intermediate C18:1 trans-11, indicate an inhibition of the terminal biohydrogenation step in cows on ORG farms. An accumulation of biohydrogenation intermediates has been observed by including fish oil in the diet (Lee et al, 2008;Shingfield et al, 2012) or by feeding botanically diverse forages (Lourenço et al, 2008).…”

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Adler

Jensen

Govasmark

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most shortchain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health.

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“…Such findings are consistent with a finite capacity for FA absorption in the small intestine of lactating cows ) that may be related to the saturation of 18:0 intestinal absorption at high postruminal flows . In cows fed grass silage or RCS diets, 18:0 is typically the major FA leaving the rumen (Shingfield et al, 2008a(Shingfield et al, , 2012Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Continuedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk fat 16-carbon trans FA are thought to originate from incomplete biohydrogenation of dietary 16-carbon unsaturated FA in the rumen (Shingfield and Wallace, 2014), and β-oxidation of 18-carbon FA (Destaillats et al, 2000). Small amounts of trans 16:1 (Δ6 to 13) are known to escape the rumen (Shingfield et al, 2012;Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau et al, 2013b). However, silage and concentrates did not contain high proportions of 16-carbon unsaturated FA (less than 3.5 and 0.96 g/100 g of total FA, respectively), suggesting that the appearance of 16-carbon trans FA in milk in the present study may have originated primarily from β-oxidation of 18-carbon precursors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau

Shingfield

Simpura

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Camelina is an ancient oilseed crop that produces an oil rich in cis-9,cis-12 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) and cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA); however, reports on the use of camelina oil (CO) for ruminants are limited. The present study investigated the effects of incremental CO supplementation on animal performance, milk fatty acid (FA) composition, and milk sensory quality. Eight Finnish Ayrshire cows (91 d in milk) were used in replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Treatments comprised 4 concentrates (12 kg/d on an air-dry basis) based on cereals and camelina expeller containing 0 (control), 2, 4, or 6% CO on an air-dry basis. Cows were offered a mixture of grass and red clover silage (RCS; 1:1 on a dry matter basis) ad libitum. Incremental CO supplementation linearly decreased silage and total dry matter intake, and linearly increased LA, ALA, and total FA intake. Treatments had no effect on whole-tract apparent organic matter or fiber digestibility and did not have a major influence on rumen fermentation. Supplements of CO quadratically decreased daily milk and lactose yields and linearly decreased milk protein yield and milk taste panel score from 4.2 to 3.6 [on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent)], without altering milk fat yield. Inclusion of CO linearly decreased the proportions of saturated FA synthesized de novo (4:0 to 16:0), without altering milk fat 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, and ALA concentrations. Milk fat 18:0 was low (<5 g/100 g of FA) across all treatments. Increases in CO linearly decreased the proportions of total saturates from 58 to 45 g/100 g of FA and linearly enriched trans-11 18:1, cis-9,trans-11 18:2, and trans-11,cis-15 18:2 from 5.2, 2.6, and 1.7 to 11, 4.3, and 5.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively. Furthermore, CO quadratically decreased milk fat trans-10 18:1 and linearly decreased trans-10,cis-12 18:2 concentration. Overall, milk FA composition on all treatments suggested that one or more components in camelina seeds may inhibit the complete reduction of 18-carbon unsaturates in the rumen. In conclusion, CO decreased the secretion of saturated FA in milk and increased those of the trans-11 biohydrogenation pathway or their desaturation products. Despite increasing the intake of 18-carbon unsaturated FA, CO had no effect on the secretions of 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, or ALA in milk. Concentrates containing camelina expeller and 2% CO could be used for the commercial production of low-saturated milk from grass-and RCS-based diets without major adverse effects on animal performance.

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Dietary Fish Oil Supplements Modify Ruminal Biohydrogenation, Alter the Flow of Fatty Acids at the Omasum, and Induce Changes in the Ruminal Butyrivibrio Population in Lactating Cows

Cited by 93 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of adsorbants on in vitro biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms

Effect of adsorbants on in vitro biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

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