Dietary Flavonoids for Immunoregulation and Cancer: Food Design for Targeting Disease

Ahn‐Jarvis, Jennifer; Parihar, Arti; Doseff, Andrea I.

doi:10.3390/antiox8070202

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 297 publications

(381 reference statements)

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“…Flavonoids are among the most abundant phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables and have cancer cell anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic activities [78]. Flavonoids have anticancer activity in cellular and preclinical animal models, which makes them potential candidates in cancer prevention and treatment [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Stressed by Arsenic

González-Moscoso

Martínez-Villegas

Cadenas‐Pliego³

et al. 2019

Foods

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Tomato fruit is rich in antioxidant compounds such as lycopene and β-carotene. The beneficial effects of the bioactive compounds of tomato fruit have been documented as anticancer activities. The objective of this research was to determine whether arsenic (As) causes changes in the content of antioxidant compounds in tomato fruits and whether Silicon nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) positively influence them. The effects on fruit quality and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds were determined. The results showed that As decreased the oxide-reduction potential (ORP), while lycopene and β-carotene were increased by exposure to As at a low dose (0.2 mg L−1), and proteins and vitamin C decreased due to high doses of As in the interaction with SiO2 NPs. A dose of 250 mg L−1 of SiO2 NPs increased glutathione and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and phenols decreased with low doses of As and when they interacted with the NPs. As for the flavonoids, they increased with exposure to As and SiO2 NPs. The total antioxidant capacity, determined by the ABTS (2,2´-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid]) test, showed an increase with the highest dose of As in the interaction with SiO2 NPs. The application of As at low doses induced a greater accumulation of bioactive compounds in tomato fruit; however, these compounds decreased in high doses as well as via interaction with SiO2 NPs, indicating that there was an oxidative burst.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Stressed by Arsenic

González-Moscoso

Martínez-Villegas

Cadenas‐Pliego³

et al. 2019

Foods

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“…Flavonoids, a type of natural polyphenol, can be found in various foods, especially in vegetables and fruits. Flavonoids prevent oxidation and inflammation, induce apoptosis, and diminish angiogenesis and cell proliferation showing high anticancer activity [5][6][7][8]. Galangin (Figure 1), which can be found in the galangal rhizome and propolis, is recognized as an antioxidant polyphenol, a member of the flavonol subclass of flavonoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galangin, a Flavonoid from Lesser Galangal, Induced Apoptosis via p53-Dependent Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells

Huang

Chen

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Among women worldwide, ovarian cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers. Patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy might get adverse side effects and develop resistance to drugs. In recent years, natural compounds have aroused growing attention in cancer treatment. Galangin inhibited the growth of two cell lines, A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3, more strongly than the growth of a normal ovarian cell line, IOSE 364. The IC50 values of galangin on proliferation of A2780/CP70, OVCAR-3 and IOSE 364 cells were 42.3, 34.5, and 131.3 μM, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that galangin preferentially induced apoptosis in both ovarian cancer cells with respect to normal ovarian cells. Galangin treatment increased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and -7 via the p53-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway by up-regulating Bax protein and via the p53-dependent extrinsic apoptotic pathway by up-regulating DR5 protein. By down-regulating the level of p53 with 20 μM pifithrin-α (PFT-α), the apoptotic rates of OVCAR-3 cells induced by galangin treatment (40 μM) were significantly decreased from 18.2% to 10.2%, indicating that p53 is a key regulatory protein in galangin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Although galangin up-regulated the expression of p21, it had little effect on the cell cycle of the two ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated p70S6K were decreased through galangin treatment, suggesting that the Akt/p70S6K pathways might be involved in the apoptosis. Our results suggested that galangin is selective against cancer cells and can be used for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancers in humans.

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“…As the result of inflammation, different types of immune cells are in the process of either tumor promoting mechanisms or anti-tumorigenic mechanisms by producing the reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen intermediates, cytokines, and chemokines in tumor initiation and promotion [46,47]. Among the dietary factors, numerous studies have reported that phytochemicals such as flavonoids rich in fruits and vegetables mainly contributed to regulation of immune system via production of antioxidants and scavenging activity [48][49][50]. Previous epidemiological studies have reported the associations between dietary antioxidants and cancer suggesting the role of the inflammation [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Interleukin-6 Level, Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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Chronic inflammation is one of the causes of colorectal cancer (CRC), and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been linked to tumor promotion and progression. We aimed to evaluate the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in CRC patients and determine whether a diet rich in antioxidants was associated with CRC. This study included 654 cases and 1312 controls matched for age and sex. We measured the plasma IL-6 concentration and estimated dietary antioxidant capacity based on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) combined with a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in individuals with CRC (OR Q4 vs. Q1, 95% CI = 6.23, 4.10–9.45, p < 0.001). High dietary ORAC showed an inverse association with CRC (total ORAC OR Q4 vs. Q1, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.16–0.40, p < 0.001; total phenolics = 0.32, 0.21–0.50, p < 0.001). We found that low dietary ORAC was associated with a significant increase in CRC in the group with elevated IL-6 levels (total ORAC OR Q4 vs. Q1, 95% CI = 4.34, 3.12–6.02, p < 0.001; total phenolics = 4.61, 3.33–6.39, p < 0.001). This study suggested an inverse association between dietary antioxidant capacity and IL-6 level among patients with CRC.

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Dietary Flavonoids for Immunoregulation and Cancer: Food Design for Targeting Disease

Cited by 77 publications

References 297 publications

Impact of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Stressed by Arsenic

Impact of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Antioxidant Compounds of Tomato Fruits Stressed by Arsenic

Galangin, a Flavonoid from Lesser Galangal, Induced Apoptosis via p53-Dependent Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells

Circulating Interleukin-6 Level, Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

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