Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides and lactulose inhibit intestinal colonisation but stimulate translocation of salmonella in rats

Bovee‐Oudenhoven, Ingeborg M. J.; Bruggencate, Sandra J. M. Ten; Lettink-Wissink, Mischa L. G.; Meer, Roelof van der

doi:10.1136/gut.52.11.1572

Cited by 130 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Epithelial colonic permeability assessed in Ussing chambers was not different amongst groups although ZO1 mRNA expression was reduced by 40 % in the supplemented group compared with the non-supplemented (87) . A similar galactooligosaccharides-induced increase in bacterial translocation has already been observed in adults (88,89) but whether such a phenomenon in the neonate could be beneficial or not for the maturation of the immune system has not been determined.…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Breast-v.formula-feeding: impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects

2010

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The health benefits of breast-feeding have been recognised for a long time. In particular, breast-feeding is associated with lower incidence of necrotising enterocolitis and diarrhoea during the early period of life and with lower incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity later in life. The higher nutritional and protective degree of human milk is related to its nutritional composition that changes over the lactation period and to the biological activities of specific components while lower growth rate of breast-fed infants may be attributed to their self-regulation of milk intake at a lower level than formula-fed infants. Many results now suggest that the developmental changes in intestinal and pancreatic function that occur postnatally are modulated by the diet. Indeed, formula-feeding induces intestinal hypertrophy and accelerates maturation of hydrolysis capacities; it increases intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, but does not induce evident differences in microbiota composition. Whether these changes would be beneficial for enhancing absorptive capacities and for educating the gut-associated immune system remains to be further studied. Moreover, it is evident that formula-feeding increases basal blood glucose and decreases plasma ketone body concentrations, while discrepancies on postprandial glycaemia, insulin and incretin responses in both human studies and experimental studies are inconclusive. Manipulating the composition of formula, by reducing protein content, adding prebiotics, growth factors or secretory IgA can modulate intestinal and pancreatic function development, and thereby may reduce the differential responses between breast-fed and formula-fed neonates. However, the developmental responses of the digestive tract to different feeding strategies must be elucidated in terms of sensitivity to developing diseases, taking into account the major role of the intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Breast-v.formula-feeding: impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects

2010

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“…As a matter of fact, an increased translocation of Salmonella toward spleen was reported in adult rats fed a low-calcium diet enriched with fructooligosaccharides or inulin when animals were infected with this pathogen (13,19). The authors hypothesized that the rapid fermentation of the prebiotics led to high ceco-colonic concentrations of organic acids that impaired the intestinal barrier function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an impact could be considered as irrelevant since neonatal gut microbiota does not produce butyrate (12), and therefore prebiotic supplementation solely enhances lactate and acetate production in infants (2). Colonic perfusions of highly concentrated (300 mM) acetate, however, also causes mucosal damage in rat pups (10,11) and elevation of organic acid levels have been linked to the increased incidence of Salmonella translocation observed in adult rats fed a lowcalcium diet supplemented with prebiotics (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation With Galactooligosaccharides and Inulin Increases Bacterial Translocation in Artificially Reared Newborn Rats

et al. 2008

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Supplementation of formulas with prebiotics enhances the growth of lactate producing bacteria, and fecal lactate, and acetate levels in infants. High concentrations of organic acids in intestinal lumen have, however, been shown to impair the intestinal barrier function. To determine whether stimulating the colonic microbiotal metabolism with prebiotics would impair the neonatal intestinal barrier function, artificially reared rats were fed milk formula with or without a mixture of galactooligosaccharides/inulin (GOS/Inulin, 88/12; 5.6 g/L) from the 7th d of life (d7) until weaning (d20). At d18, GOS/inulin supplementation had increased the concentrations of acetate and lactate in colonic lumen. Although neither ileumassociated microbiota nor colonic permeability (assessed in Ussing chambers), nor the expression of tight junction claudin-2 and claudin-3 mRNA were altered, GOS/inulin supplementation was associated with increased bacterial translocation (BT) toward spleen. None of these effects persisted at d40. We conclude that GOS/inulin supplementation may increase BT in an immature gut. The balance between the potential infectious risk of BT vs. its putative beneficial effect on the maturation of neonatal immune system clearly warrants further study. (Pediatr Res 64: 34-39, 2008)

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“…This effect was counteracted by normalizing the calcium intake of the rats. 68,69 In contrast, Osman et al 70 showed a reduction of bacterial translocation to the liver in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats fed oligofructose, whereas bacterial translocation was increased using a combination of oligofructose, inulin, and B. infantis DSM 15158. Mangell et al 71 showed that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduced bacterial translocation to liver and mesenteric lymph nodes in rats, whereas prebiotics (oatmeal) did not prevent this.…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Langen

Dieleman

2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

162

107

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Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Keywords ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; prebiotics; bifidobacteria; lactobacilli The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are increasing in the developed northern hemisphere. Bernstein et al 1 recently published data that showed that Canada has the highest incidence and prevalence of CD thus far reported. The incidence rate for CD ranged from 8.8-20.2 per 100,000 and the prevalence ranged from 161-319 per 100,000. The incidence and prevalence of UC was lower, ranging from 9.9-19.5 and 162-249 per 100,000, respectively. Approximately 0.5% of the Canadian population has IBD. Several studies concerning the pathogenesis of IBD indicate that a combination of factors such as genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora, dietary factors, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and an abnormal immune response to intestinal bacteria lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript Current IBD TherapeuticsThe current medical armamentarium to treat UC and CD consists of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) compounds, corticosteroids, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Recently several biologics have been added to this list. 5 Most patients respond well to these therapies, but for some patients it is still inadequate and/or induces intolerable and serious side effects. In addition, the current therapies are mostly directed against the overly aggressive adaptive immune response of the host, but fail to correct potential environmental triggers such as the intestinal microflora that induces a...

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Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides and lactulose inhibit intestinal colonisation but stimulate translocation of salmonella in rats

Cited by 130 publications

References 51 publications

Breast-v.formula-feeding: impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects

Breast-v.formula-feeding: impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects

Supplementation With Galactooligosaccharides and Inulin Increases Bacterial Translocation in Artificially Reared Newborn Rats

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

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