Dietary germanium biotite supplementation enhances the induction of antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in pigs

Abstract

We evaluated the potential ability of germanium biotite (GB) to stimulate the production of antibodies specific for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To this aim, we measured the total FMDV-specific antibody responses and IgM production after vaccination against FMD both experimentally and in the field. GB supplementation with FMDV vaccination stimulated the production of anti-FMDV antibodies, and effectively increased IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. These results suggest that GB may be a novel alternative feed supplement that can serve as a boosting agent and an immunostimulator for increasing the efficacy of FMDV vaccination in pigs.

Improvement of bacterial clearance and relief of clinical signs of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium infection in pigs through upregulation of Th 1-specific responses by administration of a combination of two silicate minerals, biotite and bentonite

“…These results implied that dietary supplementation of BBM mainly stimulated Th 1-specific responses, which include increased IFN-γ production. We reported similar results in our previous study, which showed an increase in the level of CD4 + T lymphocytes and IFN-γ after administration of a biotite-supplemented diet [ 13 ].…”

“…by stimulating lysozyme activity. Our previous studies also reported strong stimulation of secretion after administration of a biotite-supplemented diet CD4 + T lymphocytes and IFN-γ [ 8 , 13 ].…”

“…Biotite and bentonite, which are silicate minerals, were originally used in various industrial applications based on their properties as catalysts, ion exchangers and absorbents [ 6 , 18 , 23 ]. Our previous studies have shown that dietary supplementation with biotite promotes the expression of several cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and promotes concanavalin A (T-cell mitogen)-induced lymphocyte proliferation in pigs [ 11 , 13 ]. Biotite also shows antiviral activity against several viral agents, such as porcine circovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and bovine herpesvirus type 1 [ 8 , 11 ].…”

Increased humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in growing pigs pre-treated with poly-γ-glutamic acid

“…The anti-FMDV serotype O antibody level of each serum sample was determined using a PrioCHECK FMDV type O ELISA kit (Prionics, Switzerland). A protocol of blocking the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against FMDV serotype O was employed according to the manufacturer's instructions as previously described [ 6 ]. Briefly, fresh serum was separated by centrifugation at 2,000 × g for 10 min at 4℃.…”

“…In addition, a recent report suggested that germanium biotite (GB), which is a novel alternative feed supplement, could play a role as an immunostimulator of boosting agent for improving the efficacy of FMDV vaccine in conventional 8-week old pigs. A commercially available high potency double oil-based vaccine contained at least 6 PD 50 per dose of inactivated O 1 Manisa FMD virus [ 6 ]. Thus, our study was conducted in 8-week-old growing pigs pre-treated with 60 mg of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) 3 days before vaccination.…”