Dietary Glutamine Supplementation Alleviated Inflammation Responses and Improved Intestinal Mucosa Barrier of LPS-Challenged Broilers

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on intestinal inflammatory reaction and mucosa barrier of broilers administrated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli. A total of 120 1-d-old male broilers were randomly divided into four treatments in a 2 × 2 experimental arrangement, containing immune challenge (injected with LPS in a dose of 0 or 500 μg/kg of body weight) and dietary treatments (supplemented with 1.22% alanine or 1% Gln). The results showed that growth performance of broilers intra-abdominally injected with LPS was impaired, and Gln administration alleviated the adverse effects on growth performance induced by LPS challenge. Furthermore, Gln supplementation reduced the increased concentration of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β induced by LPS challenge. Meanwhile, D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase concentration in plasma were also decreased by Gln supplementation. In addition, the shorter villus height, deeper crypt depth and the lower ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum induced by LPS stimulation were reversed by Gln supplementation. Gln administration beneficially increased LPS-induced reduction in the expression of intestine tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1), claudin-1 and occludin except for the ZO-1 in duodenum and occludin in ileum. Moreover, Gln supplementation downregulated the mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4, focal adhesion kinase, myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1R-associated kinase 4 in TLR4/FAK/MyD88 signaling pathway. Therefore, it can be concluded that Gln administration could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses and improve intestinal barrier damage of LPS-challenged broilers.

Growth performance, antioxidant indexes, and the expression of genes were considerably promoted by dietary supplementation of alanyl‐glutamine and vitamin E in juvenile marine medaka in seawater acidification by carbon dioxide

“…The reasons are hypothesized as follows: (1) Alanyl‐glutamine dipeptide and/or VE might improve fish growth. Alanyl‐glutamine dipeptide (Yoon et al, 2020; Yu et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2022) and VE (Noguchi, 2019; Zhou et al, 2013) were reported to improve fish growth. The same results were obtained in marine juvenile cobia ( Rachycentron canadum ) (Ding et al, 2017, 2018) and freshwater farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus ) (Ding et al, 2021; Xu, Zheng, et al, 2020).…”

Establishment of an Enteric Inflammation Model in Broiler Chickens by Oral Administration with Dextran Sulfate Sodium

“…Another study reported that when broilers were administered 2.5% DSS for 7 consecutive days from 15 to 21 days of age, the BW (573.83 g vs. 692.83 g) and ADG (20.43 g vs. 37.79 g) at 21 days of age were significantly lower than those belonging to the CT group [ 39 ]. Poor growth performance in broilers challenged with DSS may be attributed to several factors, including increased intestinal permeability caused by gut barrier dysfunction [ 40 ], lower nutrient absorption ability caused by reduced small intestinal apical hydrolase activities [ 41 ], liver inflammation and lipid metabolism disfunction [ 42 ], and immune stress that shifts dietary nutrients from growth processes to support various inflammatory immune responses and mediator syntheses [ 22 ]. Gut microbiota dysbiosis also inhibits growth performance.…”

“…From 21 to 29 days of age, BW was continuously recorded to monitor body weight changes caused by DSS. Total BW and feed intake were recorded to calculate average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) according to the method proposed in a previous study [ 22 ].…”

The essential role of glutamine metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: A review

“…Glutamine supplementation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses by inactivating various signaling pathways, including TLR4/focal adhesion kinase/MyD88, TLR4/NF-κB, and TLR4/mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. [73][74][75][76] In a double-blind, randomized, controlled pilot trial involving patients diagnosed with pelvic or abdominal malignancies undergoing abdominal radiotherapy, oral glutamine supplementation significantly reduced the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB. [77] However, it's important to note that there have been conflicting findings in the literature.…”