Dietary gluten and type 1 diabetes

Miettinen, Maija E.; Virtanen, Suvi Μ.

doi:10.1136/bmj.k3867

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The evidence from human studies on the association between cereals and the disease process of T1D is scarce . Age at the introduction of gluten-containing and other cereals has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) or T1D in children with a genetic susceptibility to T1D .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 The evidence from human studies on the association between cereals and the disease process of T1D is scarce. 8 Age at the introduction of gluten-containing and other cereals has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) or T1D in children with a genetic susceptibility to T1D. [9][10][11][12] Maternal consumption of cereals during pregnancy was not associated with offspring risk of IA, 13,14 but a large study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort reported that maternal gluten intake during pregnancy was associated with the risk of T1D in the offspring.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCE Dietary proteins, such as gluten, have been suggested as triggers of the disease process in type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE To study the associations of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The prospective birth cohort Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study recruited children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from September 1996 to September 2004 from 2 university hospitals in Finland and followed up every 3 to 12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies, and T1D. Altogether 6081 infants (78% of those invited) participated in the study. Dietary data were available for 5714 children (94.0%) and dietary and IA data were available for 5545 children (91.2%), of whom 3762 (68%) had data on islet autoantibodies up to age 6 years. Information on T1D was available for all children. Data were analyzed in 2018 and end point data were updated in 2015. EXPOSURES Each child's intake of cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was calculated from repeated 3-day food records up to 6 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Islet autoimmunity was defined as repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies and at least 1 biochemical autoantibody of 3 analyzed, or T1D. Data on the diagnosis of T1D were obtained from Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register. RESULTS Of 5545 children (2950 boys [53.2%]), 246 (4.4%) developed IA and of 5714 children (3033 boys [53.1%]), 90 (1.6%) developed T1D during the 6-year follow-up. Based on joint models, the intake of oats (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13), wheat (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.15), rye (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23), gluten-containing cereals (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03-1.11), gluten without avenin from oats (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.40-3.57), gluten with avenin (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.45-2.92), and dietary fiber (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.81) was associated with the risk of developing IA (HRs for 1 g/MJ increase in intake). The intake of oats (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.21) and rye (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03-1.41) was associated with the risk of developing T1D. After multiple testing correction, the associations with IA remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A high intake of oats, gluten-containing cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was associated with an increased risk of IA. Further studies are needed to confirm or rule out the findings and study potential mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2019

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show abstract

“…7 The evidence from human studies on the association between cereals and the disease process of T1D is scarce. 8 Age at introduction of gluten-containing and other cereals has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) or T1D in children with genetic susceptibility to T1D. [9][10][11][12] Maternal consumption of cereals during pregnancy was not associated with offspring risk of IA, 13,14 but a large study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort, reported that maternal gluten intake during pregnancy was associated with the risk of T1D in the offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

Hakola¹,

Me²,

Syrjälä³

et al. 2020

ESPE

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Importance Dietary proteins, such as gluten, have been suggested as triggers of the disease process in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objectives To study the associations of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D. Design Prospective birth cohort, the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study recruited children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from 1996 to 2004 and followed them every 3-12 months up to 6 years for diet, islet autoantibodies and T1D. Setting Two university hospitals in Finland Participants Altogether 6081 infants participated in the study (78% of those invited). Dietary data was available on 5714 children, and both dietary and IA data on 5545 children, of whom, 68% had data on islet autoantibodies up to 6 years of age. Information on T1D was available for all children. Exposures The child's intake of cereals, gluten, and dietary fiber was calculated from repeated 3day food records up to 6 years. Main outcome measures IA was defined as repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies and at least one biochemical autoantibody out of three ones analysed, or T1D. Data on diagnosis of T1D was obtained from Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register. Results Of the 5545 children (53.2% boys), 246 developed IA and of the 5714 children, 90 developed T1D during the 6-year follow-up. Based on joint models, the intake of oats (HR 1.08

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Food Consumption and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Genetic Susceptibility for Type 1 Diabetes

Virtanen,

Peltonen,

Hakola

et al. 2024

The Journal of Nutrition

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Dietary gluten and type 1 diabetes

Abstract: A potential association that deserves closer scrutiny

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

Association of Cereal, Gluten, and Dietary Fiber Intake With Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes

Association of cereal, gluten, and dietary fiber intake with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes

Food Consumption and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Increased Genetic Susceptibility for Type 1 Diabetes

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