Dietary guidelines for the Spanish population

Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier; Serra-Majem, Lluís

doi:10.1079/phn2001228

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Such findings are in agreement with other studies conducted in the neighbouring Spain (Serra-Majem et al, 1993;Rodríguez-Artalejo et al, 1996), France (increase from 44 to 85 kg/year/person in 1950 and 1996, respectively) (Haut Comité de la Santé Publique, 2000) and Italy (increase from 50 to 100 g/day in 1960 and 1996, respectively) (de Lorenzo et al, 2001) but contrary to those found in Germany (decrease between 1.8 and 2.6 g/day per year) (Jungjohann et al, 2005) or USA (decrease from 32 to 20% of total fat in 1965 and 1995, respectively or from 8.9 to 3.1% of total energy in 1977 and 1995, respectively (Nielsen et al, 2002)). Overall, these data indicate that, like other southern European countries, the dietary pattern of the Portuguese population is shifting from a Mediterranean to a more Westernized type (Aranceta, 2001). Interestingly, the strongest increase in reported meat consumption was noted in the lower educated group, suggesting that this Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987-1999 P Marques-Vidal et al 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 1987 1995-1996 1998-1999 increase might partly be owing to better economical access to meat products (Haut Comité de la Santé Publique, 2000) or lack of education on health issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987–1999: results from the National Health Surveys

Marques‐Vidal

Ravasco

Dias³

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess trends of food intake in Portugal. Design: Analysis of three cross-sectional studies : 1987, 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. Setting: Representative samples of free-living individuals. Subjects: 64 734 men and 71 282 women. Interventions: Food intake was assessed by questionnaires inquiring the number of meals and which foodstuffs (fish, meat, milk, rice/pasta/potatoes, soup, vegetables and fruit) had been consumed the day before. Results: Age-adjusted average number of meals decreased from 3.370.1 in 1987 to 2.970.1 in 1998-1999 in both genders (Po0.001). In men, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk and potatoes/rice/pasta increased from 73, 66 and 91% in 1987 to 83, 74 and 95% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 56% in 1987 to 62 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. In women, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk, potatoes/rice/pasta and vegetable increased from 70, 66, 89 and 71% in 1987 to 78, 77, 93 and 83% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 55% in 1987 to 64 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. These trends were more pronounced in the younger age, which also displayed a higher frequency of snacking. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age group, region and educational level showed that the consumption of meat, milk and vegetables increased and the consumption of soup, fish and fruit decreased in 1998-1999 relative to 1995-1996. Conclusions: Within a decade, the Portuguese dietary pattern has changed considerably, shifting from a traditional, south European to a more Westernized, protein-rich diet. Sponsorship: The Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo of the Instituto de Medicina Molecular is partially funded by a grant from the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) ref. RUN 437.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987–1999: results from the National Health Surveys

Marques‐Vidal

Ravasco

Dias³

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Our study demonstrates that adolescents who are low consumers of total fat and SFA (consumption below the lower quartile) and high consumers of fruits and vegetables and dietary fiber (consumption above the upper quartile) showed better compliance with the 2010 nutritional objectives for the Spanish population than did high consumers of total fat and SFA and low consumers of fruits and vegetables and fiber. Overall, low consumers of fat and saturated fat and high consumers of fiber, fruit, and vegetables showed a food consumption pattern similar to that recommended in current food group pyramids [36,37] and in line with the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern [38] and the traditional Balearic Islands diet present at the beginning of the 20th century [39]. The food patterns of the healthier adolescent consumers is quite similar to that observed in the Balearic Islands’ adult population, but adolescents need to improve their dietary pattern by decreasing meat consumption and increasing their consumption of pulses and fruits and vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with the 2010 Nutritional Objectives for the Spanish Population in the Balearic Islands’ Adolescents

Llull

Bibiloni²,

Martínez³

et al. 2011

Ann Nutr Metab

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Aims: To assess compliance with the 2010 nutritional objectives for the Spanish population in the Balearic Islands’ adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional nutrition survey was carried out in adolescents (n = 1,231). Dietary habits were assessed by means of 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Differences in the percentage of compliers with the 2010 nutritional objectives and differences in food consumption patterns between genders and high or low consumers of fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), fiber, and fruits and vegetables were analyzed. Results: None of the nutritional objectives were achieved by the Balearic Islands’ adolescents, and less than 25% of them met the dietary fiber, folate, iodine, total fat, SFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), total carbohydrate, and fruit and vegetable requirements. Gender differences were observed in terms of energy, nutrients, and food item consumption. Low fat/SFA and high fruit and vegetable/fiber consumers kept a diet in line with current food group pyramids and the traditional Mediterranean diet. Adolescents need to decrease their meat and increase pulse, fish, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Conclusions: The nutritional objectives for the Spanish population could be achieved through maintenance of the traditional Mediterranean diet in the Balearic Islands’ adolescents. This dietary model could be used to develop food-based dietary guidelines relevant to this population.

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“…FBDG were developed (2) and used internationally to express the principles of a balanced diet in terms of foods (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) and to reduce the prevalence of obesity (11) and diet-related diseases. These guidelines are a more practical tool compared with the nutrient reference values, set at (inter-) national level (12,13) .…”

Section: Food Consumption Survey 24 H Recall Food-based Dietary Guidementioning

confidence: 99%

The gap between food-based dietary guidelines and usual food consumption in Belgium, 2004

Vandevijvere

Vriese

Huybrechts

et al. 2008

PHN

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Objective: To evaluate the gap between food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and the usual food consumption in Belgium. Design and setting: Information on food intake was collected with two nonconsecutive 24 h recalls, using the validated software package EPIC-SOFT in combination with a self-administered FFQ. Habitual food intake was estimated by the Nusser method. Physical activity was evaluated according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Subjects: A representative sample of the Belgian population aged 15 years and older was randomly selected from the National Register using a multistage stratified procedure. Dietary information was obtained from 3245 individuals. Results: Food intakes deviated significantly from the recommendations. In particular, fruit (118 g/d) and vegetable (138 g/d) consumption and intake of dairy and Ca-enriched soya products (159 g/d) were inadequate. Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (soft drinks, alcohol and snacks) was excessive (481 g/d). There were important age and gender differences. Fruit, vegetable and spreadable fat consumption was lowest, while consumption of dairy, starchy and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods was highest among the youngest age group. Men consumed more animal and starchy foods than women, who consumed more fruits. There were only slight differences by education level. Conclusion: Food intakes differed substantially from the FBDG. Improvement of the Belgian food pattern, in particular among the youngest age group, is necessary for a better prevention of diet-related diseases. In addition, continuous or regular monitoring is crucial to permit trend analyses and to plan effective education or intervention strategies.

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Dietary guidelines for the Spanish population

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987–1999: results from the National Health Surveys

Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987–1999: results from the National Health Surveys

Compliance with the 2010 Nutritional Objectives for the Spanish Population in the Balearic Islands’ Adolescents

The gap between food-based dietary guidelines and usual food consumption in Belgium, 2004

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