Dietary Habits of a Group of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared to Healthy Subjects: Assessment of Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies through a Bromatological Analysis

Labriola, Flavio; Marcato, Caterina; Zarbo, Chiara; Betti, Ludovica; Catelli, Arianna; Valerii, Maria Chiara; Spisni, Enzo; Alvisi, Patrizia

doi:10.3390/nu14030499

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The observed fiber deficiencies in the current study are consistent with previous studies [39][40][41][42]. In addition, a further study suggested that a low fiber diet is used by patients as a preventative strategy to avoid disease flare-ups [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary Nutrient Intake and Blood Micronutrient Status of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared with Their Shared-Home Environment, Healthy Siblings

et al. 2022

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(1) The nutritional status of children with Crohn’s disease (CD) is rarely described. This study aimed to assess the dietary intake and blood micronutrient status of children with CD compared with their healthy, shared-environment siblings. (2) Methods: This observational study included children with CD (cases) and their shared-environment siblings (controls). The dietary nutrient intake was assessed with a four-day food/beverage diary and was compared with the recommended daily intakes (RDI). Blood micronutrient concentrations were measured using laboratory methods. The nutritional analyses were completed through a multivariate analysis of variance between groups. Between-group comparisons of single-nutrients were assessed using a Mann–Whitney U-test. Chi-squared analyses compared the proportion of children who did not meet the RDI for each nutrient. The results were significant at 0.05. (3) Results: The dietary intake was similar for most nutrients, except the controls had a lower intake of vitamins A and E, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium (p < 0.05). Children using partial enteral nutrition had significantly higher intakes of many micronutrients. It was common for both groups to not meet the RDI’s—more than 50% of cases for 9 nutrients and more than 50% of controls for 13 nutrients. (4) Conclusion: New Zealand children with CD and their shared-environment siblings did not meet the RDI for several micronutrients. Dietary education and/or micronutrient supplementation may be required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dietary Nutrient Intake and Blood Micronutrient Status of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared with Their Shared-Home Environment, Healthy Siblings

et al. 2022

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“…A reduced consumption of dietary fibre has also been identified in different epidemiological studies as a potential risk factor for the onset of this disease [ 23 , 24 ], given that it can affect host immunity through multiple pathways. In our case series, fibre intake was still low compared with the general recommendations, although it was found to be similar to that reported in a previous study performed on children with CD [ 25 ] and in line with the mean intake pattern of Spanish children [ 26 ]. Comparable results were observed in a recent systematic review in adults with IBD whose fibre intake was higher than among our patients, but still below the recommended intake (25–30 g/day) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dietary Habit Modifications in Paediatric Patients after One Year of Treatment with the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet

2023

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Gut microbiota alterations play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its modification through specific diets is an emerging line of treatment that is currently being researched. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the dietary habits of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and their long‑term adherence to dietary therapy with the Crohn’s disease exclusion diet (CDED) after one year. To analyse the modification of dietary habits and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (DM), the KIDMED questionnaire, a food consumption frequency questionnaire, was used. Twenty-four hour recalls at two timepoints, namely prior to the start of the dietary therapy and one year later, were also carried out. The processing degrees of the foods consumed by the patients were analysed at both timepoints using the NOVA classification system. Data from 24 patients (15 boys), with a mean age of 12.7 ± 2.9 years at the start of the dietary therapy, were analysed. All patients showed an improvement in their dietary pattern in the form of a reduction in the intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs); a higher adherence to the MD; a decrease in the intake of cold meats, seafood, pasta, precooked foods, soft drinks, and pastries; an increase in the intake of eggs, legumes, dairy products, and nuts (p < 0.05); and adequate adherence, even in the long‑term, to foods allowed during the different phases of the dietary regimen. Although more factors have an impact on the course of the disease in these patients, improving their dietary habits is essential.

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“…Of interest, similar results have been observed in a trial that investigated dietary habits and antioxidant potential of the diet in children suffering from Crohn’s disease (not following dietotherapy) and which found ORAC to be lower than in healthy children ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Antioxidant potential of the diet in Italian children with food allergies

et al. 2023

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A reduced fruit and vegetable consumption, which implies a decreased intake of antioxidant compounds, seems to play a role in allergic diseases onset. Data on the antioxidant capacity of diet in children with food allergies, who are on an avoidance diet, are still lacking. This pilot study aims to assess the antioxidant potential of diet in Italian children with food allergies, compared to healthy children, using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. 95 children (54 with confirmed food allergies and 41 controls), with a median age of 7.8 years, were enrolled and underwent a nutritional assessment. Mean nutrient intakes were compared using the Mann–Whitney test. ORAC resulted significantly lower in allergic children (median 2,908, IQR: 1450;4,716) compared to control children (median 4,392, IQR: 2523;5,836; p = 0.049). Among micronutrients with antioxidant properties, vitamin A intakes were significantly higher in controls than in allergic children. Using Spearman’s correlation, a moderate-to-strong correlation between ORAC and vitamin C, potassium and magnesium was observed (ρ = 0.648, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.645, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.500, p < 0.001, respectively). Iron, phosphorus, vitamin E and vitamin A intakes were also moderately-to-low correlated with ORAC values (ρ = 0.351, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.367, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.346, p < 0.001; and ρ = 0.295, p = 0.004, respectively). We hypothesize that the reduced antioxidant potential of the diet might be related to a reduced variety of the diet in children with food allergies. Our study suggests that the diet of children with food allergies has a lower antioxidant potential (expressed as ORAC value) compared to the diet of healthy children, regardless of the allergenic food excluded from the diet. This issue should be further investigated in prospective, powered studies.

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Dietary Habits of a Group of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared to Healthy Subjects: Assessment of Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies through a Bromatological Analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Dietary Nutrient Intake and Blood Micronutrient Status of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared with Their Shared-Home Environment, Healthy Siblings

Dietary Nutrient Intake and Blood Micronutrient Status of Children with Crohn’s Disease Compared with Their Shared-Home Environment, Healthy Siblings

Dietary Habit Modifications in Paediatric Patients after One Year of Treatment with the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet

Antioxidant potential of the diet in Italian children with food allergies

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