Dietary Euphorbia hirta Extract Improved the Resistance of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract

Aqueous and methanol extracts of lemon Citrus limon peel, Euphorbia hirta (aerial parts), and fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. A swab paper disk method showed that the methanol extract of E. hirta (EHE) had the largest inhibition zone and the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration compared to all other herbal extracts. Based on these results, EHE was included in the diets of Sharptooth Catfish Clarias gariepinus at 0 (control), 2, 5, or 7 g/kg of diet (experiment 1). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate, with 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.4 ± 0.4 g) in each replicate. After 30 d, the growth, feed intake, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and plasma biochemical parameters were measured. With a separate batch of Sharptooth Catfish, the efficacy of the EHE diets in conferring fish resistance to A. hydrophila over 30 d was compared to that of a diet containing oxytetracycline (OTC; experiment 2). Six treatments were conducted in triplicate groups of 30 fish (mean weight ± SE = 9.0 ± 0.3 g); the Control fish were fed the control diet and were not injected with A. hydrophila, while the Control-AH and OTC-AH groups were infected with A. hydrophila and were fed either the control diet or the diet containing OTC at 1 g/199 g. The other three treatments included fish that were injected with A. hydrophila but fed diets with increasing EHE at 2, 5, or 7 g/kg. Experiment 1 showed no change to growth, feeding efficiency, HSI, or plasma biochemical parameters. In experiment 2, however, fish that were fed dietary EHE at 5 g/kg had significantly lower mortality than the Control-AH group, with further resistance observed for fish fed EHE at 7 g/kg. Dietary OTC was more effective than EHE as a prophylactic to A. hydrophila infection in Sharptooth Catfish. Nevertheless, EHE can potentially be a valuable dietary supplement to improve the resistance of Sharptooth Catfish to A. hydrophila infection. Received May 3, 2017; accepted August 24, 2017.

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities on prostate and cervical cultured cancer cells of five medicinal plant extracts from Burkina Faso

“…Isolated compounds caffeic acid and epicatechin 3-gallate showed antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Perumal et al, 2017). Aerial parts have in vitro antimicrobial activities against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila (Sheikhlar et al, 2017). Decoctions of leaves and bark are used for the treatment of dengue (de Guzman et al, 2016).…”

The use of dietary oak acorn extract to improve haematological parameters, mucosal and serum immunity, skin mucus bactericidal activity, and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss)

“…Medicinal plants have been extensively used as immunostimulant to enhance growth and immunity of fish (Sheikhlar et al, 2014; Talpur, 2014; Newaj‐Fyzul and Austin 2014; Vaseeharan & Thaya, 2014; Pourmoghim et al, 2015; Sheikhlar et al, 2017; Bursal & Boğa, 2018; Rashidian et al, 2018; Rashidian et al, 2020; Farsani et al, 2019; Mohammadi et al, 2020; Yousefi et al, 2021). In this context, the results herein demonstrate the ability of OAE to stimulate the immune system and protect against pathogenic bacteria in rainbow trout.…”

Starch gelatinization on the physical characteristics of aquafeeds and subsequent implications to the productivity in farmed aquatic animals

“…; Sheikhlar et al . ; Romano ). The efficacies of these are highly dependent on the host species as well as the supplement type and inclusion level.…”