Dietary Indicators for Assessing the Adequacy of Population Zinc Intakes

Hotz, Christine

doi:10.1177/15648265070283s304

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This said, our results were not dissimilar to those of Pathak et al [11], who reported 75.7 % of nulliparous rural Indian women had zinc intakes <50 % of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), although this does not give an estimate of the proportion of low zinc intake. However, a review by Hotz [32] estimated that 50 % of women had inadequate zinc intakes or intakes below the EAR in the study by Pathak et al The present study estimated that 72 % of rural and 82 % of tribal women were at elevated risk of low zinc intakes. Regardless of the actual prevalence, the true prevalence in this population will be well above the 25 % the IZiNCG cutoff, thus of public health concern with intervention advised [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The proportion of women with inadequate zinc intakes in the present study was 78 % (i.e., using the IZiNCG cutoff) although this should be interpreted with caution. IZiNCG suggests that usual intakes be adjusted for within-subject day-to-day variability, which narrows the distribution of intakes [32]. This is typically done by collecting a repeat diet recall and adjusting for day-to-day within-subject variation [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary and Non-dietary Factors Associated with Serum Zinc in Indian Women

Herbst

Menon

Ferguson

et al. 2014

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Women in low-income settings, common in India, are at risk of inadequate zinc intake due to poor diet quality and low consumption of flesh foods rich in zinc. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of zinc status of non-pregnant rural and tribal women living in central India and to identify dietary and non-dietary factors associated with the biochemical zinc status of these women. Rural and tribal non-pregnant women 18-30 years of age were selected using proportion to population sampling near Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Sociodemographic, biochemical (serum zinc), clinical, and dietary data (1-day interactive 24-h recall) were collected. The mean age of women (n = 109; rural = 52; tribal = 56) was 23.2 years and mean BMI was 17.9 kg/m(2). The majority of the participants identified as being non-vegetarian (72 %). The mean ± SD serum zinc concentration was 10.8 ± 1.6 μmol/L, and 52 % of participants had a low serum zinc concentration according to the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). The median (first and third quartile) energy, zinc intake, and phytate/zinc molar ratio was 5.4 (4.2, 6.7) MJ/day, 5.3 (3.8, 7.0) mg/day, and 26 (22, 28), respectively. Zinc intakes were well below IZiNCG recommendations for dietary zinc of 9 mg/day for non-pregnant women aged 14-18 years and 7 mg/day for non-pregnant women aged ≥ 19 years. Using linear regression analysis to identify non-dietary and dietary factors associated with serum zinc, a significant association was only found for current lactation (p = 0.012) and energy intake (p < 0.001). Diets low in energy with poor bioavailability of dietary zinc are likely to be the primary cause of the high proportion of Indian women with zinc deficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and Non-dietary Factors Associated with Serum Zinc in Indian Women

Herbst

Menon

Ferguson

et al. 2014

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…Hence, the data used by the IZiNCG were based only on total-diet tracer studies that represented typical diets consumed by populations irrespective of geographic location and that included studies on men and women; details of their derivation are given elsewhere (13,119).…”

Section: Classifying Diets According To Zn Bioavailability and Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Progress in the Assessment of Dietary Zinc Intake as an Indicator of Population Zinc Status

Gibson

2012

Advances in Nutrition

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Dietary components influencing zinc (Zn) bioavailability were implicated in the first cases of human Zn deficiency in the Middle East in the 1960s. It was not until the 1980s that isotope tracer studies in humans quantified the effects of the type and/or quantity of Zn, protein, iron, and phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) on Zn absorption in humans and confirmed the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of phytate on Zn absorption. This led to further analysis of the Zn and phytate content of foods. The use of phytate-to-Zn molar ratios as likely estimates of absorbable dietary Zn followed together with an assessment of their relationship with Zn biomarkers in low-income countries (LIC). In the 1990s, increasing knowledge of factors governing Zn-absorption diets led to refinements of Zn requirements and algorithms to estimate dietary Zn bioavailability. Their use highlighted that inadequate Zn intake from plant-based diets were a major etiological factor in morbidity and stunting in LIC, prompting the need to identify indicators of the population's Zn status. Major advances in analyses of dietary data pioneered by Beaton in 1980s led to the endorsement in 2007 of a dietary Zn indicator based on the prevalence of the population with usual Zn intake below the estimated average requirement for Zn. Risk of Zn deficiency is a public health concern when the prevalence of inadequate Zn intake is >25%. Recent findings that Zn bioavailability from high-phytate, whole-day diets is lower than previous estimates suggest that revision of Zn estimated average requirement for LIC may be warranted.

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“…(ii) The type of intervention was defined as zinc salts given as tablets or syrups orally to provide at least 1 RDA of elemental zinc for at least a period of 14 days introduced within one month of birth. The RDAs for zinc in low birth weight breast fed infants have not been defined [6,7]. However, the suggested average dietary intakes (ADI, which are invariably lower than RDA) for infants in the age group of 0 to 6 months are 2 mg(6) and it is believed that the requirements would be higher in LBW infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%