Dietary Indoles with Antiestrogenic Activity in Common Vegetables and Their Implications

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated inhibition of LNCaP prostate cancer cell growth and hormone-induced transactivation

“…However, recent studies have demonstrated that the AhR also interacts with structurally diverse synthetic chemicals, drugs, endogenous biochemicals, and phytochemicals [30,[55][56][57]. Moreover, many of these compounds such as synthetic retinoids, bioflavonoids, indole-3-carbinol and diindolylmethane (DIM) exhibit chemoprotective and anticarcinogenic properties in laboratory animal studies [58][59][60][61][62][63]. 6-MCDF is an example of a relatively non-toxic synthetic AhR agonist/antagonist that inhibits several TCDD-induced toxic responses including cleft palate, immunotoxicity and porphyria in mice and CYP1A1 in both in vivo and in vitro models [38][39][40][41].…”

Cancer chemotherapy with indole-3-carbinol, bis(3′-indolyl)methane and synthetic analogs

“…Natural products from vegetable sources have been widely used in traditional medicine as potions for treatment of a variety of human ailments, and phytochemicals and their derivatives are major sources and building blocks for development of new drugs [16][17][18]. Cruciferous vegetables contain a wide spectrum of active phytochemicals; however, most studies have focused on isothiocyanates and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) as the major chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemicals associated with the anticancer activities of cruciferous vegetables [19][20][21][22][23]. Glucobrassican, a major component of cruciferous vegetables, is a 3indolylmethyl glucosinolate which is readily hydrolyzed in the acidic conditions of the gut to give I3C.…”