Dietary inflammatory index and its relation to the pathophysiological aspects of obesity: a narrative review

Abstract

Obesity, a complex disease that involves energy imbalance and chronic low-grade inflammation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic non-communicable diseases. As dietary components modulate the human body's inflammatory status, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII ® ), a literaturederived dietary index, was developed in 2009 to characterize the inflammatory potential of a habitual diet. Abundant research has been conducted to investigate the associations between DII and obesity. In this narrative review, we examined the current state of the science regarding the relationships between DII and the inflammatory pathophysiological aspects related to obesity. DII is associated with inflammation in obesity. The most pro-inflammatory diet was directly related to higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers, which included C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Therefore, evidence suggests that the use of the DII may be useful for understanding the relationship between diet and the inflammatory process related to obesity.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly populations

“…Positive DII scores indicate pro-inflammatory diets, while negative DII scores indicate anti-inflammatory diets, with higher absolute values indicating greater anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory effects. It has been proposed that numerous inflammatory disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, have a favorable correlation with DII scores (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Systemic lowgrade inflammation is one of the most important pathogenic processes in CKD, and it is also influenced by the dietary status of patients.…”