Dietary inflammatory index in relation to obesity and body mass index: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose Studies investigating the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and body mass index (BMI) have led to inconsistent findings. Therefore, to decisively conclude, this paper aims to clarify the relationship between DII and obesity by performing meta-analysis. Design/methodology/approach PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to July 2017 using key words selected from Medical Subject Headings and other related keywords to identify all relevant articles. In total, 22 articles were entered into the meta-analysis; 22 studies compared the mean of BMI among subjects with highest versus the lowest DII and 4 studies had data on the hazard risk (HR) or odds ratio (OR) for obesity. Findings A meta-analysis on included studies indicated a significant association on either mean differences (MD) in BMI (MD = 0.811; 95 per cent CI: 0.365-1.256; p: 0.0001) or obesity OR (OR: 1.310; 95 per cent CI: 1.144-1.500; p = 0.000) by comparing the highest and lowest DII categories. Between-study heterogeneity was high (Cochrane Q test, p < 0.001, I2 = 98.1 per cent, df = 21, τ2 = 0.9273), and only dietary assessment methods could explain the source of heterogeneity in which 24-h dietary recalls were homogeny (I2 = 8.4 per cent, df = 2, p = 0.335). Originality/value The results of the present meta-analysis suggest that adherence to high DII score increased BMI and obesity. More prospective studies in different populations are needed to better clarify this relation.

The association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and obesity indices in university students in Tehran

“…Silva Oliveira et al conducted a study on 3151 university graduates, and found that there was a significant correlation between DII and physical activity (24), which are consistent with our results. Also, Varkaneh et al conducted a study on 198 women with a mean age of 33.4 years who referred to medical centers, and the results showed that there was a significant relationship between DII and physical activity (4). The present study showed that people with moderate to vigorous physical activity had a lower DII score.…”

“…The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults was reported at 39% and 13%; respectively, by WHO in 2016 (1,2). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Middle Eastern countries is 54% among women and 31% among men, and can be traced to the deaths of 150,000 people in these countries (3,4). More than half (63.2%) of individuals aged 15-65 years old were reported to be overweight and obese according to the first national study and the study of glucose and lipids in Tehran.…”

Serum Vitamin D Concentration ≥75 nmol/L Is Related to Decreased Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes; and Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness in US Adults

“…High circulating acute phase inflammatory markers, i.e., C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have been linked to chronic inflammatory diseases such as MetS, diabetes, obesity, and CVD [50][51][52]. [53] suggesting that vitamin D is an anti-inflammatory agent [54].…”

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Non-Communicable Disease Risk: A Narrative Review

“…Recently, several (systematic) reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to appraise evidence to date for the associations between DII and cardiometabolic disease [11,169,170,171]. Of these, three reviews focused on CVD, MetS, and mortality [11,170,171], while the other focused on obesity and body mass index (BMI) [169].…”

“…Recently, several (systematic) reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted to appraise evidence to date for the associations between DII and cardiometabolic disease [11,169,170,171]. Of these, three reviews focused on CVD, MetS, and mortality [11,170,171], while the other focused on obesity and body mass index (BMI) [169]. In general, a more pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by a higher DII score, has been associated with higher risk of obesity [169], CVD risk, and CVD-related mortality [11,170,171], while the relationship between DII and MetS is less consistent [170,171].…”