Dietary Intake and Serum and Hair Concentrations of Minerals and their Relationship with Serum Lipids and Glucose Levels in Hypertensive and Obese Patients with Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Inadequate minerals intake, as well as disruption of some metabolic processes in which microelements are cofactors, are suggested to lead to the development of hypertension. The role of minerals in the pathogenesis of hypertension still remains to be explained. In the present study, we sought to determine associations between serum and hair mineral concentrations and serum lipids and glucose levels. Forty obese hypertensive subjects with insulin resistance and 40 healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. Blood pressure, BMI, and insulin resistance were recorded in all subjects. Levels of lipids, glucose, sodium and potassium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium were assessed in serum. Iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium were assessed in hair. Dietary intake of the analyzed minerals was estimated. We found distinctly higher concentrations of serum iron and serum and hair calcium as well as markedly lower levels of hair zinc in the hypertensive subjects. The study group manifested also significantly lower daily intake of calcium, magnesium, and iron. We observed a relationship between the concentrations of iron, zinc, and copper in serum and hair and high and low range of cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose serum levels in the studied patients. Moreover, this study demonstrated significant correlation between serum and hair concentrations of selected minerals and their dietary intake and levels of serum lipids and glucose and blood pressure in the study and the control groups. The obtained results seem to indicate the association between lipid and glucose metabolism and iron, copper, zinc, and calcium concentrations in blood and hair of hypertensive and obese patients with insulin resistance.

Comparative metal distribution in scalp hair of Pakistani and Irish referents and diabetes mellitus patients

“…This is the first study with comprehensive data on toxic and essential elements in the scalp hair samples of diabetic and referent subjects of two countries (Pakistan and Ireland). The concentrations of essential trace and toxic elements in scalp hair samples of the Irish referent subjects were close to those reported for other European [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65], American [66][67][68][69] and Australian [70] countries (Table 7). The concentrations of Cd and Pb in Pakistani referents were almost higher than in European countries, which are in agreement with the studies carried out in Asia [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85], and African countries [86][87][88][89][90] (Table 7).…”

Zinc transporter Slc39a14 regulates inflammatory signaling associated with hypertrophic adiposity

“…Together, these cells produce unique substances, i.e., leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, which contribute to the para-and autoendocrine regulation of lipid metabolism (21,28). Limited epidemiological studies have linked aberrant trace mineral metabolism with adipose pathology; e.g., obesity is clinically correlated to deficiencies in iron, calcium, and zinc (18,19,49,50). Zinc was first thought to be involved in metabolic activity of adipocytes through insulin-like effects (36) and through its inherent antioxidant properties (16).…”

How Trace Element Levels of Public Drinking Water Affect Body Composition in Turkey

“…According to our knowledge of the literature, many previous studies have examined the relationship of obesity or fat tissue and micro elements, mostly to investigate the effect of their use as supplements at weight-, fat tissue-, and obesityrelated molecule levels, whereas others have addressed the tissue or serum levels of obese individuals. [4,5,8,9,[45][46][47]. Of course, elements rarely enter the body in a pure form or by themselves, meaning that to accurately gauge the effect of trace elements on adipose tissue or the formation of fat tissue, the effect of water-the most important reservoir of minerals-on the formation of fat tissue needs to be investigated.…”

“…At the same time, the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in humans is connected with zinc, copper and iron; and obesity's emergence could implicitly relate to disturbances in homeostasis [7]. For instance, several epidemiological studies have found a negative correlation between cellular zinc levels and the prevalence of obesity [8,9], whereas others have reported linkage between obesity and serum copper levels [10,11]. Abnormal cellular chromium, selenium, iron and other mineral concentrations have been reported in obese patients as well [12,13].…”