Dietary intake assessment in women with different weight and pregnancy status using a short questionnaire

Abstract

Objective: First, to evaluate the ability of a short dietary questionnaire (SDQ) to estimate energy intake (EI) on group and individual levels compared with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labelled water method. Second, to compare the SDQ's performance in estimating energy, nutrient and food intakes with a sixty-six-item FFQ used in large-scale Swedish epidemiological research. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Umeå, Sweden. Subjects: In total, sixty-five non-pregnant women, of whom thirty-one were overweight or obese, and twenty-five pregnant, normal-weight women completed the protocol. Results: On average, the SDQ captured 78 % and 79 % of absolute TEE in the non-pregnant and pregnant normal-weight women, respectively. Furthermore, the SDQ captured an average of 57 % of TEE in the overweight/obese nonpregnant women. The Spearman correlation of EI and TEE was significant in the overweight and obese women only (r 5 0?37, 95 % CI 0?02, 0?64). There was no significant difference between the SDQ and the more extensive FFQ in the ability to assess EI when compared with TEE. Intakes of most nutrients and foods were significantly higher when assessed with the SDQ compared with the FFQ. Conclusions: A new short dietary questionnaire with an alternative design underestimated EI of non-pregnant and pregnant, overweight and obese women on a group level but was able to rank the overweight/obese women according to EI. Furthermore, the short questionnaire captured as much or more of the energy, nutrient and food intakes of non-pregnant normal-weight and overweight/obese women on the group level as a traditional, more extensive FFQ. Keywords Body weight Dietary intake Doubly labelled water FFQ Non-pregnant and pregnant women ValidityThere is a need for quick and easy-to-administer dietary assessment tools with low respondent burden that give valid intake data in large-scale population studies and that are able to rank participants according to intake. The FFQ method is most often used in epidemiological studies (1) , since it is easy to administer at a relatively low cost and estimates habitual dietary intake over an extended time period (2) . A valid FFQ can be used to rank individuals according to reported intake and, if it includes portion size estimations, to assess absolute individual intakes (3) .However, a problem with all self-report dietary assessment methods is the misreporting of energy intake (EI) (4) . Dietary intake in young, weight-conscious women can be especially difficult to assess accurately, and previous studies in women show underestimation of EI when assessed using FFQ by comparison with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by the doubly labelled water (DLW) method (5,6) . Furthermore, it has repeatedly been shown that for overweight and obese individuals EI is underestimated to a higher extent than for their normalweight counterparts (6)(7)(8)(9) . One biomarker study suggested that the FFQ worked better in detecting the higher EI in obese women when compared with the 24...

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