Dietary intake in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Analysis from Japan Diabetes Complications Study

Abstract

Aims/IntroductionThough there are many differences in dietary habits and in the metabolic basis between Western and Asian people, the actual dietary intake in Asian patients with diabetes has not been investigated in a nationwide setting, unlike in Western countries. We aimed to clarify dietary intake among Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes, and identify differences in dietary intake between Japanese and Western diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsNutritional and food intakes were surveyed and analyzed in 1,516 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40–70 years from outpatient clinics in 59 university and general hospitals using the food frequency questionnaire based on food groups (FFQg).ResultsMean energy intake for all participants was 1737 ± 412 kcal/day, and mean proportions of total protein, fat, and carbohydrate comprising total energy intake were 15.7, 27.6 and 53.6%, respectively. They consumed a ‘low‐fat energy‐restricted diet’ compared with Western diabetic patients, and the proportion of fat consumption was within the suggested range that has been traditionally recommended in Western countries. As a protein source, consumption of fish (100 g) and soybean products (71 g) was larger than that of meat (50 g) and eggs (29 g). These results imply that dietary content and food patterns among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes are quite close to those reported as suitable for prevention of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and total mortality in Europe and America.ConclusionsA large difference was shown between dietary intake by Japanese and Western patients. These differences are important to establish ethnic‐specific medical nutrition therapy for diabetes.

Association of dietary intake and BMI among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients attending diabetic clinics in Kampala

“…Compared to studies elsewhere, this study has reported the highest energy contribution from carbohydrate (73.0%) among any type 2 diabetic population [10,24,25]. This can be explained by the fact that the usual Ugandan diet comprises of starches as the staple foods on the plate, accompanied by small amounts or infrequent sauce/relish which is usually a plant protein, animal protein or a vegetable [26].…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in Uganda to establish the usual dietary intake in terms of nutrient consumption in a type 2 diabetic population which limits lack of literature for comparison. Studies done elsewhere for example Korea [10], Japan [24], and Italy [27], report dietary intake among overall patients with type 2 diabetes whereas this study has a specific focus on the intake of newly diagnosed patients. Since these patients usually have mixed understandings on a typical dietary pattern for diabetes [28], their dietary intake needs to be well understood to provide evidence for any interventions including nutrition education during diabetes care in clinical settings especially to patients with high risk BMI.…”

An appraisal of food serving characteristics among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care diabetes facility in Sri Lanka

“…We observed a much higher prevalence of 43% and 23% of over-weight and obesity among our participants. Horikawa et al reported mean BMI of 22.9 kg/m 2 in Japanese diabetic patients [21] and the mean BMI was much higher in western diabetic patients [22]. The higher percentage of over-weight and obese patients in our study probably reflects poor dietary practices in the adult population in general and the subsequent higher incidence of diabetes in the community.…”

“…Although a non-significant tendency towards larger portion sizes was seen with rising BMI, there are other studies that demonstrated portion size is not associated with BMI [26]. Similarly, Horikawa et al demonstrated that energy intake among adult diabetic Japanese patients was not dependent on age or sex [21]. However, this study was not adequately powered to detect these associations and future studies should assess the associations between portion size, energy intake and demographic and diabetes related variables.…”

Population-based nutrition study on an urban population with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…1), ИМТ у жителей Японии с диабетом был ниже, у мужчин -22,7 кг/м 2 , у женщин -23,2 кг/м 2 . В целом, питание японского населения с СД2 можно оце-нить, по сравнению с сибирской популяцией, как в боль-шей степени соответствующее рекомендациям [20].…”