Dietary intake modification in response to a participation in a resistance training program for sedentary older adults with prediabetes: Findings from the Resist Diabetes study

Abstract

Engagement in one type of health behavior change may exert a “spillover” effect resulting in other behavior changes. Few studies have examined dietary intake following prolonged training, and none have evaluated spontaneous dietary changes beyond alterations in energy or macronutrient intake following initiation of strength/resistance training (RT). The purpose of this observational investigation was to determine if spontaneous dietary intake modifications occur in response to initiation of an RT program, among older adults. Previously sedentary adults with prediabetes (n= 134, age = 59±1 yrs) were enrolled in a supervised 12-week RT program. Participants were not given dietary advice or encouraged to change eating behaviors. Three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of RT. Reductions in intake of energy (1914 ± 40 kcal vs. 1834 ± 427 kcal, p= 0.010), carbohydrate (211.6 ± 4.9 g vs. 201.7 ± 5.2 g, p=0.015), total sugar (87.4 ± 2.7 g vs. 81.5 ± 3.1 g, p=0.030), glycemic load (113.4 ± 3.0 vs. 108.1 ± 3.2, p=0.031), fruits and vegetables (4.6 ± 0.2 servings vs. 4.1 ± 0.2 servings, p=0.018), and sweets and desserts (1.1 ± 0.07 servings vs. 0.89 ± 0.07 servings, p=0.023) were detected over time. No changes in other dietary intake variables were observed. Mode of exercise and disease state may be important factors in determining whether dietary modifications occur with exercise initiation, among previously sedentary adults. Successful initiation of RT may represent an opportunity for health care professionals to promote beneficial changes in dietary habits, among older adults with prediabetes.

Points-based physical activity: a novel approach to facilitate changes in body composition in inactive women with overweight and obesity

“…This may be an example of the “spill-over” effect whereby engagement in one type of health related behaviour has a positive influence on engagement in others [ 60 ]. It has been shown from cross-sectional data that active individuals are more likely to display other healthy behaviours [ 61 ] including reduced fat intake [ 62 ], while women who were overweight reduced total energy intake during 12 weeks of resistance exercise [ 63 ]. Interestingly, this was not seen with the StructEx intervention.…”

Resist diabetes: A randomized clinical trial for resistance training maintenance in adults with prediabetes

“…The Resist Diabetes trial was designed to assess if an RT protocol entailing training twice per week and involving 12 sets per session could reduce prediabetes prevalence and improve strength in a supervised clinical setting, and then be successfully translated and maintained without direct supervision in community settings by implementing a Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)-based maintenance intervention. Using results from this trial, we previously reported that the initiation of RT was associated with short-term changes in dietary intake (e.g., reduced intake of carbohydrates and total sugars [ 20 ], that short-term improvements in glucose tolerance with RT initiation may be limited to individuals with prediabetes who have IGT (vs isolated IFG) [ 21 ], RT adherence and cost estimates of the Standard and SCT-based intervention conditions [ 22 ], The current article presents the main trial outcomes. The primary objective of this trial was to determine whether an SCT-based intervention improves RT maintenance and muscular strength, and reduces prediabetes prevalence among older adults with prediabetes.…”

The Impact of Health Literacy Status on the Comparative Validity and Sensitivity of an Interactive Multimedia Beverage Intake Questionnaire

“…In line with the primary focus of the SSB reduction intervention, it was expected that the IMM-BEVQ would detect significant decreases in SSB consumption and significant increases in low energy density beverages over the six-month intervention for SIPsmartER participants [ 30 ]. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that exposure to beverage related questions throughout the intervention and during data collection [ 30 ], as well as increased physical activity [ 42 ], could have influenced MoveMore participant’s beverage intake behaviors during the six-month period. Accordingly, the results exhibited significantly decreased consumption of individual and total SSB (e.g., regular soft drinks, sweet tea, sweetened coffee) and significantly increased consumption of low energy density beverages (e.g., water).…”